This paper presents the prototype of a Mobile Language Learning Environment (MLLE) allowing learners of German at a Japanese university to map classroom learning content onto the pathways of their everyday lives, turning places they come by into mnemonic loci, and thus changing their daily commute into a learning trail. Even though the evaluation based on learners' self-reports could not confirm the assumption that this type of MLLE supports the use of the loci method for all learners, it allows the conclusion that at least for some learners mnemonic mapping with mobile devices might lead to changes in learning awareness and an expansion of strategy knowledge.

The objective of the present study is to investigate a factor on luminescence of rock induced by mechanical action such as fracture and/or sliding. The luminescence was caused by 3-points destructive test and sliding slip test. It was observed by an electron multiplication cooled charged-coupled device camera, i.e., EM-CCD camera. The intensity of the luminescence was also detected by a luminescence analyzer employing a photomultiplier tube. In order to reveal the role of SiO 2 as a factor of piezoelectric effect, tensile strength and ambient gas plasma, SiO 2 amount was measured using X-ray diffraction analysis. The test was carried out in air, nitrogen or oxygen. In addition, a spectrum analysis was done during slide slip test to verify the role of ambient gas on the luminescence. From the obtained results, it was revealed that the luminescence appears by fracture loaded by the 3-points bending and also the sliding slip test. The spot-like luminescence can be observed by the EM-CCD camera. The luminescence intensity depends on SiO 2 amount in rocks and its tensile strength. When nitrogen is used as ambient gas, the luminescence becomes stronger. The luminescence of rock can be generated by plasma of ambient gas induced by piezoelectric effect in mechanical action, i.e., fracture and/or sliding.

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