NF-κB is regulated by two distinct pathways namely the Classical NF-κB pathway and the recently discovered alternative NF-κB pathway. While the classical NF-κB pathway has been extensively studied for its role in cancer, our understanding of the regulation of the alternative NF-κB pathway and its role in cancer has been limiting. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made recently that revolves around the regulation of NF-κB inducing kinase and its role in cancer. These recent developments will be discussed in this editorial.

Oil extracted from Ceiba pentandra seed was studied to explore its suitability for ethnomedical uses with a special emphasis on its physiochemical characterization, antimicrobial behavior and spectrophotometric parameters. Some of the physiochemical properties were examined and compared with those of standard oils and, in particular, any common characteristics with cotton seed oil were evaluated. Spectrophotometric analysis of oil was carried out to obtain information regarding the types, numbers and position of chromophores and auxochrome, and saturated and unsaturated compounds. Crude Ceiba pentandra oil was found to show good to moderate activity against bacteria, and in particular Gram +ve (B. cereus, B. subtilis and S. aureus) and Gram -Ve (E. coli and P. aeurignosa) and fungal stains, more specifically Aspergillus flavans, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Maximum activity was observed on bacterial strains compared with fungal strains. Among bacteria, Bacillus subtilis was highly sensitive; fungi were less susceptible to oil and Saccharomyces cerivisiae were the most susceptible. Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations of the seed oil varied between 3 to 10 mg/50 μL against all bacterial and fungal strains used in this study. In conclusion, Ceiba pentandra oil is a natural antimicrobial agent and could have therapeutic potential

Background: Early detection and early intervention of diseases can significantly improve child quality of life. The most often a diagnosis of Developmental Delay (DDs) made by a doctor based on strict guidelines. The aim of present survey is to decide the commonness of the conditions screened and institutional facilities through the RBSK activity among the children going to the DEIC focus at Visakhapatnam, India. Methods: This observational study was conducted in Visakhapatnam, District Early Intervention Centre (DEIC) one of the north coastal district of India for one year period and 6572 children aged 2 months-18 years were taken in the study. Norms were developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India to DEIC, according to the norms the pediatrician will examine the children who came to the center. Existing manpower analysis in the center was also done. Present study was done the multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to identify the predictors for DDs.Results: The examination of the 30 conditions screened under 4D's methodology, defects during childbirth were there in 255(3.88%), followed by deficiencies in 239 (3.63%) children, diseases during childhood were seen in 1277 (19.43%) children and disabilities and DDs were seen in 4801 (73.05%) children. From the diseases, dental caries were found in most elevated number of youngsters with 1219 (18.54%) cases. The mostly occurring DDs are language delay 941(14.31%) children had imperfections of these were observed. On analysis of deficiencies, most extreme number of 236 (3.59%) children was found with serious intense unhealthiness of severe acute malnutrition. Among the defects at birth, congenital deafness was the most frequently screened stipulation found in 84 (1.27%) children. The post of medical officer, Psychologist and DEIC manager stayed empty all through the examination time frame. Conclusion: In the present study we have undiagnosed that many curable diseases in children are not identified at all in a timely manner. Early intervention services on children's health are very useful and in future these services are extent for every individual child.

Background: Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is aimed at screening children for 4 Ds - Defects at birth, Diseases during childhood, Deficiencies and Developmental delays including disabilities and early intervention of these conditions. The aim of this study is to discover the pattern of various health conditions screened under the 4D’s approach and the institutional capacities like infrastructural, manpower and their training capacities. Methods: This is an observational study done in District Early Intervention Centre (DEIC), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India for a period of one year. Children referred to DEIC were screened by the pediatrician as per Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) norms. The information of the children who attended the DEIC such as age, sex, source of referral, diagnosis, treatment given and outcome were tabulated and analyzed. An analysis of the manpower available existing at the center during the study period was also done. Results: During the study period, a total number of 6572 children were found to have one of the listed 30 conditions under 4D’s approach of screening. Developmental delays and disabilities were seen in 4801 (73.05%) children, followed by children with childhood diseases which were observed in 1277 (19.43%), children with defects at birth were 255 (3.88%) and children with deficiencies were 239 (3.63%). Among the defects at birth, congenital deafness was the most commonly screened condition found in 84 (1.27%) children. About 53 (0.80%) neonates were found to have club foot of varying grades. On analysis of deficiencies, severe acute malnutrition was observed in 236 (3.59%) children. There was 1(0.01%) child each with Vitamin A deficiency (Bitot’s Spot), Vitamin D deficiency and Goiter (Due to Iodine Deficiency). On analysis diseases during childhood, dental caries were seen in 1219 (18.54%) children and skin conditions in 26 (0.39%) children. About 44 (0.6%) children were found to have rheumatic heart disease. On analysis of developmental delays and disabilities, language delay was the commonest screened condition seen in 941(14.31%) children. Hearing impairment was seen in 917 (13.95%) children, learning disorder in 704 (10.71%) children and neuro motor impairment in 584 (8.88%) children, vision impairment was seen in 505 (7.68%) children, motor delay was seen in 462 (7.02%) and cognitive delay was seen in 205 (3.11%). There were 68 (1.03%) cases of behavioral disorders (Autism) and were treated with multi modal therapy including sensory integration. Regarding manpower at the center, all the posts were occupied throughout the study period except medical officer, psychologist, dental hygienist and DEIC manager.Conclusion: We observed that many curable diseases are undiagnosed among the children and hence they were deprived of treatment for the same. Promotion of Early Intervention Services is most beneficial for improvement in health status of children and therefore RBSK purview should be extended to reach every individual child.

Background: Early detection and early intervention of diseases can significantly improve child quality of life. The most often a diagnosis of Developmental Delay (DDs) made by a doctor based on strict guidelines. The aim of present survey is to decide the commonness of the conditions screened and institutional facilities through the RBSK activity among the children going to the DEIC focus at Visakhapatnam, India. Methods: This observational study was conducted in Visakhapatnam, District Early Intervention Centre (DEIC) one of the north coastal district of India for one year period and 6572 children aged 2 months-18 years were taken in the study. Norms were developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India to DEIC, according to the norms the pediatrician will examine the children who came to the center. Existing manpower analysis in the center was also done. Present study was done the multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to identify the predictors for DDs.Results: The examination of the 30 conditions screened under 4D's methodology, defects during childbirth were there in 255(3.88%), followed by deficiencies in 239 (3.63%) children, diseases during childhood were seen in 1277 (19.43%) children and disabilities and DDs were seen in 4801 (73.05%) children. From the diseases, dental caries were found in most elevated number of youngsters with 1219 (18.54%) cases. The mostly occurring DDs are language delay 941(14.31%) children had imperfections of these were observed. On analysis of deficiencies, most extreme number of 236 (3.59%) children was found with serious intense unhealthiness of severe acute malnutrition. Among the defects at birth, congenital deafness was the most frequently screened stipulation found in 84 (1.27%) children. The post of medical officer, Psychologist and DEIC manager stayed empty all through the examination time frame. Conclusion: In the present study we have undiagnosed that many curable diseases in children are not identified at all in a timely manner. Early intervention services on children's health are very useful and in future these services are extent for every individual child.