No abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS-induced tumor-promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA-approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.

Background:- The liver is the body's largest and a vital organ and plays a major role in haemostasis, as most of the coagulation factors, anticoagulant proteins and components of the brinolysis system are synthesized here. Balance between these procoagulant and anticoagulant processes is essential to prevent unwanted thrombin generation under normal physiological conditions. Objectives:-To study coagulation defects in patients of chronic liver diseases and to assess the effect of chronic liver diseases on intrinsic and extrinsic pathway through various coagulation tests and its correlation with platelet count. Materials and Methods :- Total 100 cases suffering from liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma admitted in medical and surgical wards were studied. Venous blood was collected and coagulation tests like BT, PT, APTT, D-dimer were done. Result :- Out of 100 cases of chronic liver diseases, 58% were diagnosed as liver cirrhosis, 37% were chronic hepatitis and 4% were hepatocellular carcinoma. The commonest coagulation defect in chronic liver diseases was prolonged PT. BT,PT,APTT, D-dimer was signicantly increased and platelet count decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis but within normal range in chronic hepatitis. Conclusion:- Laboratory tests suggest the abnormality in coagulation system which if done routinely can be helpful in better management of patients with liver diseases.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the in-vitro anti-diabetic activity of aqueous and methanolic extract of dried pericarp (Shell) of Juglans regia L. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening was also undertaken to reveal the presence of Phyto-constituents in the extracts. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract shows the presence of polyphenols, flavanoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and reducing sugar while methanolic extract show the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and reducing sugar. Pharmacological evaluation of Juglans regia was performed by α-amylase inhibition assay method. Percentage inhibition of α amylase at dose of 50mg/mL, 100 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL of aqueous and methanolic extract was found to be 33.33, 66.67, 93.34 and 32.27, 59.64, 90.74 respectively. Among the extracts the aqueous extract showed highest activity as compared to control and methanolic extract.