The relation between caregiver intrusiveness and the quality of attachment was tested among 51 prenatally drug-exposed toddlers and their primary caregivers. Biological mothers and kinship/foster caregivers neither differed as to caregiver intrusiveness nor as to their toddlers' attachment security and attachment organization. Insecure and disorganized/disoriented attachments were found to be more prevalent in this sample than in normal samples. In keeping with recent findings in non-drug-abusing samples (Isabella & Belsky, 1991; Lyons-Ruth, Repacholi, McLeod, & Silva, 1991), more caregivers of toddlers with avoidant or disorganized/disoriented attachments were found to be intrusive than caregivers of toddlers with secure or resistant attachments.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among maternal psychopathology, early sensitive caregiving, and security of attachment in a sample of cocaine-using women from environments with high contextual risks that include poverty, low educational attainment, minority status, and single parenthood. Thirty-five women and their offspring participated in the study. Maternal psychopathology, including Axis I and Axis II disorders, was assessed during the prenatal period via a selfreport clinical measure. Maternal sensitivity was assessed at 1 month and 6 months postdelivery through rating scales. At 18 months postdelivery, toddlers' attachment to their mothers was assessed via the Strange Situation procedure. Also at 18 months, mothers' level of depression was assessed via a depression inventory. Maternal psychopathology during pregnancy was found to be associated with both early caregiving and attachment. Mothers demonstrating clinical levels of particular Axis II disorders provided less sensitive caregiving, and had toddlers who were more likely to be disorganized/disoriented in their attachments. For Axis I disorders, only clinical levels of prenatal dysthymia were found to be associated with a greater likelihood of secure attachment.RESUMEN: El propósito de este estudio es examinar las relaciones entre la sicopatología materna, las sensibles formas de prestar cuidado el principio, y la seguridad de la unión afectiva en un grupo-muestra de mujeres que usan cocaína y que provienen de ambientes con altos riesgos contextuales, entre los cuales se incluye la pobreza, los bajos logros educacionales, la condición de minoría étnica, y el ser madres solteras. En el estudio participaron 35 mujeres y sus niños. La sicopatología materna-trastornos de Axis I y Axis II-fue evaluada durante el período prenatal por medio de una medida clínica autodeclarativa. La sensibilidad materna fue evaluada al mes y a los seis meses del parto por medio de escalas de puntuación. A los 18 meses después del parto, la unión afectiva de los infantes para con sus madres fue evaluada por medio del procedimiento de la Situación Extraña. También a los 18 meses, se evaluó el nivel de depresión de las madres a través de un inventario apropiado para la depresión. Se determinó que la sicopatología materna durante el embarazo estaba asociada tanto con las primeras manifestaciones del cuidado como la unión afectiva. Las madres que demostraron niveles clínicos de específicos trastornos de Axis II prestaban un cuidado menos sensible y tenían infantes que estaban más propensos a la desorganización y desorientación en la unión afectiva. En cuanto a los trastornos de Axis I, sólo se encontró que los niveles clínicos de distemia estaban asociados con una mayor probabilidad de unión afectiva segura. Psychopathology and Attachments • 317RÉ SUMÉ : Le but de cette étude est d'examiner les liens entre la psychopathologie maternelle, le soin sensible très tôt apporté à l'enfant, et la sécurité de l'attachement chez un groupe de femmes adonné...
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