A multiple-baseline across participants design was used to investigate the effect of the Cover-Copy-Compare (CCC) intervention on multiplication-fact fluency for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Although CCC is a well-researched intervention for mathematics, limited research has been conducted with students with EBD even though these students often struggle academically. Results indicate that a functional relation was established between CCC and an improved number of digits correct per minute for multiplication problems for only one of three elementary-age boys with EBD. Tau-U effect sizes ranged from no effect for one participant to a large effect for another participant. The length of the intervention and the initial level of a student’s skills may be related to the effectiveness of CCC for students with EBD and should be explored in future studies.
Increasingly, students with a variety of disabilities are being included in general education settings; however, many of these students have academic, behavioral, and social challenges that can interfere with their participation and performance. Teachers and school professionals supporting students with disabilities need effective and efficient strategies that can improve student outcomes. This paper describes a set of six domains of research-supported practices that can be implemented to support students. These practices are organized using the acronym STRIVE: Social supports, Teaching practices, Rewards and motivation, Independence, Visual supports, and Engagement. We include examples of how these practices can be used class-wide to support all students, and how they can be adapted to support specific students with disabilities. Practitioner-friendly applications and resources are included to support implementation within school settings.
Various reinforcement strategies have been used to manage classroom behavior, including group contingencies such as the Good Behavior Game (GBG). This study examined whether the Good Behavior Game could be effective in increasing academic engagement and decreasing verbal disruptions in a classroom of kindergarten students who are English Language Learners (ELLs). An ABAB reversal design was used to compare baseline conditions to intervention conditions where the GBG was implemented. Academic engagement was measured using momentary time sampling, and verbal disruptions were measured using partial interval recording. Visual analysis of the data demonstrated a clear functional relation, providing evidence that the GBG intervention successfully increased academic engagement and decreased verbal disruptions. Immediate changes in behavior were observed and remained consistent across conditions. A measure of social validity indicated that the intervention was easy to implement, effective, and beneficial for the students.
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