Abdominal ectopic pregnancy (AEP) occurs within the peritoneal cavity, outside the genital organs (uterus, tubes, ovaries). It is an unusual condition with an incidence that varies from 1:10,000 to 1:30,000 of all pregnancies worldwide. A 38-year-old primigravid patient was diagnosed in the second trimester with AEP. Pregnancy reached 35.6 gestational weeks, and the patient underwent surgery via laparotomy for extraction of the live fetus. Complete removal of the placenta was performed without maternal or fetal complications. AEP is an important cause of maternal and fetal death; the mortality rate in pregnant women with AEP is approximately 1–18%. Surgical intervention to deliver a baby in cases of AEP requires a multidisciplinary team, especially in countries with limited therapeutic options.

Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common kidney disease in children, it is characterized by the presence of massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipemia and can be caused by different histopathological subtypes. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. Histopathological and clinical data were collected from 52 pediatric patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who underwent USG-guided kidney biopsy in two third level hospitals in northwestern Honduras during January 2016 to December 2020. Convenience sampling was used; the data was exported to SPSS v.25 statistical program, where statistical analysis was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain the frequencies and percentages of the categorical variables, and the median and the interquartile range (IQR) of the quantitative variables were obtained. Results: the median age was 9 years [IQR, 3.0 - 12.0]; 55.8% were male. The clinical presentation of nephrotic syndrome in 34.6% of the cases was cortico-dependent nephrotic syndrome, followed by cortico-resistant nephrotic syndrome in 36.5%. The main subtype of glomerulopathy presented was the minimal change disease in 36.5%, followed by 28.8% corresponding to focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Conclusions: In Honduras the real incidence of the different histopathological variations is unknown, therefore kidney biopsy becomes a fundamental tool to establish the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. TSC consists of a wide variety of clinical manifestations, with neurological and dermatological symptoms being the most frequent. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and management of a pregnant patient incidentally diagnosed with TSC.

Background: Odontoid fractures (OF) account for 5-18% and 10-19% of all injuries at C2 and in the cervical region, respectively. According to the Anderson and D'Alonzo classification, there are three main types of OF: Type I, II and III. Most cases involving OF of the axis by high impact trauma result in death. Case presentation: A 21-year-old male patient, with comminuted OF caused by a high impact traffic accident. On admission, the patient reported moderate to severe pain in the posterior craniocervical junction, with significant limitation to lateral rotation of the head and severe cervical muscle spasm. There was evidence of comminuted OF of C2 without apparent displacement in the cervical region. The patient underwent surgery via a posterior approach with double sub-laminar wiring between C1 and C2. The procedure was considered to be completely resolutive with no postoperative complications or sequelae, with total recovery of the patient's functionality. Discussion: The posterior approach is a viable option when the anterior approach is not possible due to the nature of the comminuted fracture and risks of complications, even when it involves a degree of compromise in the rotation of the C1-C2 joint. OF is a medical emergency, requiring individualized treatment tailored to the characteristics of the patient. There are currently no standardized treatment guidelines for OF.