Retributive justice-focused law enforcement against criminals can be ineffective. Convictions tend to be useless since victims' losses, damages, and injuries are overlooked. To overcome this, criminal case settlement led to restorative justice. Several law enforcement authorities, including the Police, Attorney General's Office, and Supreme Court, have adopted internal regulations on restorative justice-based penal mediation. Restorative justice settlements are currently limited to select circumstances, and the worth of losses that can be remedied through restorative justice mediation is limited. In Indonesia's criminal justice system, it's difficult to implement a restorative justice-based penal mediation method. No concrete criminal procedural statute binds law enforcement officers to bring cases to mediation, hence the restorative justice-based penal mediation method cannot be administered with legal certainty. Criminal procedural law is fundamental for enforcing substantive criminal law.Keywords: Mediation Penal; Criminal Justice System AbstrakPenegakan hukum yang berfokus pada keadilan retributif terhadap pelaku kejahatan dapat menjadi tidak efektif. Hukuman cenderung tidak berguna karena kerugian, kerusakan, dan cedera korban diabaikan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, penyelesaian perkara pidana bermuara pada keadilan restoratif. Beberapa aparat penegak hukum, termasuk Kepolisian, Kejaksaan Agung, dan Mahkamah Agung, telah mengadopsi peraturan internal tentang mediasi penal berbasis keadilan restoratif. Penyelesaian keadilan restoratif saat ini terbatas pada keadaan tertentu, dan nilai kerugian yang dapat diperbaiki melalui mediasi keadilan restoratif terbatas. Dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, sulit untuk menerapkan metode mediasi penal berbasis keadilan restoratif. Tidak ada undang-undang acara pidana yang konkrit mengikat aparat penegak hukum untuk membawa kasus ke mediasi, sehingga metode mediasi penal berbasis keadilan restoratif tidak dapat dijalankan dengan kepastian hukum. Hukum acara pidana merupakan dasar untuk menegakkan hukum pidana substantif.Kata Kunci : Mediasi Penal, Sistem Peradilan Pidana
Juridically, Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is a legislative product produced in order to provide certainty in law enforcement for narcotics crime. The substance of this law regulates the criminal act of narcotics, which is about prohibited or permissible acts accompanied by criminal threats if the prohibition is violated. However, in the current practice of criminal justice there are problems related to legal certainty for the implementation of the narcotics law, because it turns out that the convictions made by judges against the accused of narcotics crime are not in line with the narcotics law. The imposition of crimes below the special minimum limit by the judge is very contrary to the provisions of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics so that this creates legal uncertainty which has implications for the effectiveness of law enforcement on narcotics crime in Indonesia.Keywords: Special Minimum Crime, Narcotics Crime AbstrakSecara yuridis, Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika merupakan produk legislatif yang dihasilkan dalam rangka memberikan kepastian dalam penegakan hukum tindak pidana narkotika. Substansi undang-undang tersebut mengatur mengenai tindak pidana narkotika, yakni tentang perbuatan yang dilarang atau dibolehkan yang disertai ancaman pidana apabila larangan tersebut dilanggar. Namun dalam praktik peradilan pidana saat ini terdapat permasalahan terkait dengan kepastian hukum atas pelaksanaan undang-undang narkotika, karena ternyata putusan-putusan pemidanaan yang diputuskan oleh hakim kepada terdakwa tindak pidana narkotika tidak sejalan dengan undang-undang narkotika. Adanya penjatuhan pidana di bawah batas minimum khusus oleh hakim sangat bertentangan dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika sehingga hal ini menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum yang berimplikasi pada efektifitas penegakan hukum tindak pidana narkotika di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Pidana Minimum Khusus, Tindak Pidana Narkotika
Functionalization of criminal law in the context of law enforcement of criminal acts of corruption, both in terms of material criminal law, formal criminal law (criminal procedural law), as well as criminal implementation, still faces obstacles, especially regarding the asset recovery policy of perpetrators of corruption which has implications for execution of payment of replacement money in order to optimize the return of state financial losses. Through the evaluation stage, it is known at this time that the criminal law has not functioned properly in tackling corruption, such as in the case of executing the payment of replacement money, where the prosecutor as the executor often has difficulty in executing the convict's property to be confiscated and auctioned to cover all or the difference in state financial losses that must be paid by the convict. This is due to the fact that the current national law still has many weaknesses that create difficulties for law enforcers in recovering the assets of perpetrators of corruption, especially in terms of confiscation of assets of perpetrators of corruption, so that the return of state financial losses caused by criminal acts of corruption when this is not optimal.Keywords: Asset Recovery; State Financial Losses AbstrakFungsionalisasi hukum pidana dalam rangka penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi, baik ditinjau dari sudut hukum pidana materiil, hukum pidana formil (hukum acara pidana), maupun pelaksanaan pidana, masih menghadapi kendala-kendala, terutama berkenaan kebijakan pemulihan aset pelaku tindak pidana korupsi yang berimplikasi pada pelaksanaan eksekusi pembayaran uang pengganti guna optimalisasi pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara. Melalui tahap evaluasi, diketahui saat ini bahwa hukum pidana belum berfungsi dengan baik dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana korupsi, seperti dalam hal mengeksekusi pembayaran uang pengganti, di mana Jaksa sebagai eksekutor sering kali mengalami kesulitan dalam mengeksekusi harta benda terpidana untuk disita dan dilelang guna menutupi seluruh atau selisih kerugian keuangan negara yang harus dibayarkan oleh terpidana. Hal ini disebabkan, bahwa hukum nasional saat ini masih banyak kelemahan-kelemahan yang menimbulkan kesulitan bagi penegak hukum dalam melakukan pemulihan aset pelaku tindak pidana korupsi, terutama dalam hal perampasan aset pelaku tindak pidana korupsi, sehingga pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara yang diakibatkan tindak pidana korupsi saat ini tidak optimal.Kata Kunci: Pemulihan Aset, Kerugian Keuangan Negara
The criminal procedure law currently still has problems, because there are procedures that must be obeyed and obeyed by law enforcement officials in carrying out and enforcing the law which actually causes law enforcement itself to be useless. This is illustrated when the Prosecutor handles criminal acts of corruption, which in fact also intersects with tax crimes, and cannot carry out law enforcement simultaneously, because legally the current criminal procedure for tax crimes can only be investigated by the Directorate General of Taxes. This is a weakness in the current procedural law, because the redistribution of the findings will take a relatively long time and cost a relatively large amount of money to handle cases. The research method used is a qualitative method with an empirical normative approach. The results of the study state that efforts to overcome weaknesses in the Criminal Procedure Code require a response from law enforcement officials, especially prosecutors to make a breakthrough against the rigidity of the current criminal procedure law by prioritizing the benefits of law enforcement itself.Keywords: Replacement Money; Corruption Crimes; Tax Crime AbstrakHukum acara pidana saat ini masih memiliki permasalahan, karena adanya prosedur yang harus dipatuhi dan ditaati aparatur penegak hukum dalam menjalankan dan menengakkan hukum yang justru menyebabkan penegakan hukum itu sendiri menjadi tidak bermanfaat. Hal ini tergambar pada saat Jaksa menangani tindak pidana korupsi yang ternyata juga bersinggungan dengan tindak pidana perpajakan, dan tidak dapat melakukan penegakan hukumnya secara bersamaan, karena secara hukum acara pidana yang berlaku saat ini terhadap tindak pidana perpajakan hanya dapat disidik oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. Hal inilah menjadi kelemahan dalam hukum acara saat ini, karena dengan dilimpahkannya kembali temuan tersebut akan memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama dan mengeluarkan uang penanganan perkara yang juga relatif tidak sedikit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif empiris. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa upaya mengatasi kelemahan dalam KUHAP diperlukan respons para aparatur penegak hukum, terutama Jaksa untuk melakukan terobosan terhadap kekakuan hukum acara pidana saat ini dengan mengutamakan kemanfaatan dari penegakan hukum itu sendiri.Kata Kunci: Uang Pengganti; Tindak Pidana Korupsi; Tindak Pidana Perpajakan
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