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Background: Although most suicide-related deaths occur among male veterans, women veterans are dying by suicide in increasing numbers. Identifying and increasing access to effective treatments is imperative for Department of Veterans Affairs suicide prevention efforts. We examined the impact of evidence-based psychotherapies for depression on suicidal ideation and the role of gender and treatment type in patients' responses to treatment. Methods: Clinicians receiving case consultation in interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression, and acceptance and commitment therapy for depression submitted data on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation while treating veterans with depression. Results: Suicidal ideation was reduced across time in all three treatments. A main effect for wave was associated with statistically significant decreases in severity of suicidal ideation, c 2 (2) ¼ 224.01, p ¼ .0001, and a subsequent test of the Gender  Wave interaction was associated with differentially larger decreases in ideation among women veterans, c 2 (2) ¼ 9.26, p ¼ .001. Within gender-stratified subsamples, a statistically significant Treatment  Time interaction was found for male veterans, c 2 (4) ¼ 16.82, p ¼ .002, with levels of ideation significantly decreased at waves 2 and 3 in interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression relative to acceptance and commitment therapy for depression; the Treatment  Wave interaction within the female subsample was not statistically significant, c 2 (4) ¼ 3.41, p ¼ .492. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates the efficacy of each of the three tested evidence-based psychotherapies for depression as a means of decreasing suicidal ideation, especially in women veterans. For male veterans, decreases in suicidal ideation were significantly greater in interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression relative to acceptance and commitment therapy for depression. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Suicide prevention is a top clinical priority within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). In response, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has called for expanded access to and engagement in effective treatments to prevent veteran suicide (VA, 2018). The number of veterans dying by suicide in the United States has been increasing, and although the majority of suicide-related decedents among veterans are men, women veterans are dying by suicide in increasing numbers (VA, 2018).

The authors analyzed dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results from 13 prospective studies on the use of the DST in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Sensitivity of the DST was significantly higher among the children than among the adolescents with major depressive disorder (69.6% and 47.1%, respectively), and specificity was significantly lower (69.7% and 80.2%). Significantly more adolescents with major depressive disorder than with other psychiatric diagnoses, especially conduct disorder, were nonsuppressors. The authors discuss possible explanations for the high DST sensitivity among the children and point out the potential usefulness of the DST in differentiating major depressive disorder from conduct disorder.

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