AbstractSoil erosion is one of the largest global problems of environmental protection and sustainable development, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. The need for fast and accurate soil rate assessment of erosion and deposition favors the application of alternative methods based on the radionuclide measurement technique contrary to long-term conventional methods. In this paper, we used gamma spectrometry measurements of 137Cs and unsupported 210Pbex in order to quantify the erosion on the Titel Loess Plateau near the Tisa (Tisza) River in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Along the slope of the study area and in the immediate vicinity eight representative soil depth profiles were taken and the radioactivity content in 1 cm thick soil layers was analyzed. Soil erosion rates were estimated according to the profile distribution model and the diffusion and migration model for undisturbed soil. The net soil erosion rates, estimated by 137Cs method range from −2.3 t ha−1 yr−1 to −2.7 t ha−1 yr−1, related to the used conversion model which is comparable to published results of similar studies of soil erosion in the region. Vertical distribution of natural radionuclides in soil profiles was also discussed and compared with the profile distribution of unsupported 210Pbex measurements. The use of diffusion and migration model to convert the results of 210Pbex activities to soil redistribution rates indicates a slightly higher net erosion of −3.7 t ha−1 yr−1 with 98% of the sediment delivery ratio.

A more complete climate image of a site is obtained by analyzing bioclimatic indicators. In this paper, an analysis of the physiological sense of heat in the territory of the city of Kragujevac was presented. Bioclimatic considerations are based on the equivalent temperature, which represents the combined influence of air temperature and water vapor pressure. Based on these two climatic elements, the corresponding equations and the Krüger anthropo-climatic classifications, three climate types and nine physiological sensations of heat for the territory of the city of Kragujevac were isolated. Their significance in bioclimatology is that they cause different sensations of heat in healthy and sick people, and can serve as the basis for the expected types of bioclimate during the year. Urban areas are areas of higher population concentration to which the climate elements act stimulating or, on the contrary, discouraging, which depends on the person's health. For the needs of this work, a thirty-year climate period (1981-2010) was analyzed based on the data obtained from the weather station Kragujevac. There are significant historical and tourist sites and natural resources in the city and its surroundings, which can be valorized complementarily. Analyzed values of equivalent temperatures can be used for the planning of tourist activities and in means of tourist propaganda. For this purpose, this work can be a solid bioclimatic basis.

Climate change is one of the largest environmental issues causing hydroclimatological extremes such as floods, droughts, and aridity. The aim of this study is to assess the observed and projected climate changes in Bačka (Serbia). Detailed trend analyses and possible climate scenarios over Bačka has not been presented up to now. In this paper, four data sets were extracted and calculated: mean annual air temperature, mean air temperatures during the vegetation period, mean annual precipitation and total precipitation during the vegetation period. The presented parameters were obtained from the annual meteorological reports of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Trend equation based on linear regression, trend magnitude according to the trend equation, and Mann-Kendall statistics have been used for trend analysis of climatic parameters. A GIS modeling of the possible climate scenario was created according to the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC-CSM2-MR). Based on the trend equations, positive trends related to air temperature and precipitation variables are dominant. The trend magnitude shows the largest mean increase in all time series related to air temperature during the vegetation period. The highest mean precipitation increase occurs only in two time series. The Mann-Kendall statistics showed significantly positive trends in 11 cases and no changes in 9 cases. According to BCC-CSM2-MR, changes will be especially dominant in case of air temperatures. The expected changes in the total precipitation during the vegetation period show a tendency towards semiarid conditions. The presented results of observed and projected climate changes demand adaptation measures, especially from the aspect of sustainable agriculture.

Soil erosion assessment enables the identification of manifested soil erosion categories, their spatial distribution and the relationship between soil erosion and land use patterns. The integrated approach of the RUSLE method and GIS tools was used in estimating soil erosion rates in Bačka (Serbia). Previous research of soil erosion intensity in the study area was last performed 50 years ago. The spatial distribution of the calculated erosive factors shows the diversity of erosive conditions. The results indicate that the average annual soil loss is from 0 to 28.6 t ha -¹ yr -¹. The soil erosion is particularly pronounced in the area of the Titel loess plateau (up to 28.6 t ha -¹ yr -¹). The results indicate the diversity of the erosion rates depending on the land use. Multiple correlation indicates that the LS factor has the largest effect on erosion (correlation coefficient 1). The results in this paper can be used in planning future conservation measures, especially if the recent field measurements of soil erosion are added. This research is also important since the RUSLE method represents a new approach in determining the soil erosion intensity.

Roma in Serbia still do not have equal access to quality education. Roma children are more increasingly present in the school system in Serbia, which shows that there is a trend in decreasing differences among pupils.Inclusion should make education more accessible and of better quality for Roma children. Serbia is on the right track to achieve this. It started with introducing Roma assistants in teaching, who would help Roma children fit into the educational system. The introduction of elements of national cultures, including Romani, would make schooling much more attractive to Roma children, because it would reflect their living environment and contribute to a better acceptance of Roma children by other children and teachers.The first part of the paper with descriptive method tells about the status of the Roma in Serbia and their problems in education, as well as ways to improve the conditions of their education. Statistical method was used to display present and situation in past. Experimental part of this paper demonstrates attitudes of primary and secondary school teachers in Novi Sad, the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, about the inclusion of Roma children in education.