Ancient DNA research in the past decade has revealed that European population structure changed dramatically in the prehistoric period (14,000-3,000 years before present, YBP), reflecting the widespread introduction of Neolithic farmer and Bronze Age Steppe ancestries. However, little is known about how population structure changed in the historical period onward (3,000 YBP - present). To address this, we collected whole genomes from 204 individuals from Europe and the Mediterranean, many of which are the first historical period genomes from their region (e.g. Armenia, France). We found that most regions show remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity. Around 8% of historical individuals carry ancestry uncommon in the region where they were sampled, some indicating cross-Mediterranean contacts. Despite this high level of mobility, overall population structure across western Eurasia is relatively stable through the historical period up to the present, mirroring the geographic map. We show that, under standard population genetics models with local panmixia, the observed level of dispersal would lead to a collapse of population structure. Persistent population structure thus suggests a lower effective migration rate than indicated by the observed dispersal. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be explained by extensive transient dispersal arising from drastically improved transportation networks and the Roman Empire’s mobilization of people for trade, labor, and military. This work highlights the utility of ancient DNA in elucidating finer scale human population dynamics in recent history.

This paper presents the Croatian module for NooJ. The module includes the novel "Posljednji Stipančići" by Vjenceslav Novak as a corpus with fully covered dictionary (i.e. zero unknowns). Examples of morphological and syntactic grammars are presented together with few examples of dictionary entries and their inflectional and derivational paradigms.

-In this paper we will talk about the Web usage practices and Web page design aimed at children of an early elementary school age. Learning about differences in understanding and using the Web should aid in the development of Web content for children. Thus research in opinions, practices and needs of the Internet's youngest users should today be considered a must, also in order to provide a better education about those topics. Data was collected through the field research in an elementary school in Zagreb. 90 students answered the questionnaire and additional 12 students were randomly selected for the interview.Index Terms-early elementary school age children, Internet's younges users, web design, web usage.

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