Aim:The study evaluated the effectiveness of three intermediate endodontic irrigating solutions in eliminating the residual sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), thus preventing the formation of the orange-brown precipitate when 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) is used as the final irrigant.Materials and Methods:A total of 40 extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were selected, disinfected, and decoronated to obtain a standardized length of 10 mm. The teeth were prepared with Protaper universal rotary files until size F4 using 2.5% NaOCl as an irrigant during instrumentation. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups of 10 samples each based on the irrigating solutions used during final wash sequence as follows: Group A - (2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX), Group B - (2.5% NaOCl followed by 70% Isopropyl Alcohol and 2% CHX), Group C - (2.5% NaOCl followed by 6.25% sodium metabisulfite and 2% CHX), and Group D - (2.5% NaOCl followed by 3.86% sodium Thiosulfate and 2% CHX). The roots were sectioned longitudinally and the canal surface was evaluated under dental operating microscope (×16) for the presence of orange-brown precipitate. The results were tabulated as per scoring criteria and statistically analyzed.Statistical Analysis Used:One-way ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test.Results:The lowest mean score was observed in Group C, followed by Group D and Group B, respectively. In comparison, there was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) difference in results between Group C and the other experimental groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Group B and Group D.Conclusion:Sodium metabisulfite was found to be very effective in preventing the formation of orange-brown precipitate.

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ABSTRACT"Dental fluorosis," a specific disturbance in tooth formation and an esthetic condition, is defined as a chronic, fluorideinduced condition, in which enamel development is disrupted and the enamel is hypomineralized. Fluorosis can be prevented by having an adequate knowledge of the fluoride sources, knowing how to manage this issue and therefore, avoid overexposure. Controlling the fluoride intake is the best preventive measure for dental fluorosis, however when this is already installed and causing esthetic problems to the patient, many treatment techniques are recommended. This article describes an esthetic rehabilitation of a case of severe fluorosis using a new system for placing direct composite veneer, the Uveneer System (Ultradent) which simulates predictable shape and symmetry of natural teeth. In cases of severe dental fluorosis, the tooth enamel usually becomes porous and tooth whitening methods are not recommended. Therefore, minimally invasive technique of direct composite veneering using facial templates is the treatment of choice as it is easy to use, enhance clinical productivity, saves time, requires minimal preparation and is cost effective.

Transposition of tooth presents a great challenge in the treatment of a malocclusion. A dental transposition is an uncommon anomaly affecting 0.4% of the population, yet the treatment difficulties and challenges make this anomaly a subject of orthodontic interest and a source of clinical interest. This case report shows the unilateral transposition of a maxillary canine with a lateral incisor that was treated by orthodontically reversing the transposed tooth position.