For the treatment of various infections, a variety of antimicrobial drugs are formulated. Nevertheless, many bacterial infections now exhibit antibiotic resistance due to the widespread utilization antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant among the most dangerous multidrug-resistant bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Vancomycin became a viable therapy option due to MRSA resistance to methicillin medicines. One of the well-informed antibacterial compounds with wideband antibacterial activity is silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs are thus suitable candidates for usage in conjunction alongside vancomycin to increase its antibacterial effect. The goal of the present research work is to boost the antibacterial potency of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin towards Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) but also Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The chemical reduction approach is used to create a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles utilizing silver nitrate as a precursor in the environment of the ionic surfactant trisodium citrate that serves as covering including reducing reagent. Vancomycin was used to functionalize the synthesized nanoparticles and create the nanodrug complex (Van@AgNPs). The synergistic antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles coated with vancomycin on both test pathogens was investigated using the agar well diffusion technique. The antibacterial potency for both classes of bacteria has significantly increased, according to the well diffusion test. It has been noted that this improvement is synergistic instead of additive.

Introduction We performed Thyroseq v2 molecular testing on indeterminate thyroid nodules and evaluated whether they underwent a management change from the standard of thyroid lobectomy. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all indeterminate thyroid nodules that underwent Thyroseq v2 molecular testing from 2014 to 2019 at a large academic center. Pathology was reviewed by thyroid cytopathologists. Thyroseq results were reported benign (malignancy probability less than 10%) or suspicious (malignancy probability greater than 30%). The primary endpoint was a management change from a diagnostic lobectomy. Results A total of 142 nodules were included: 113 (80%) Bethesda III and 29 (20%) Bethesda IV. Seventy‐three nodules underwent surgical management and 69 did not. We noted a change in management in 64% (91/142) of nodules. Patients who underwent a change in management to no surgery had a significantly higher rate of benign Thyroseq result than those without a change (75.8% vs. 49.0%, p = 0.001). On logistic regression analysis, a benign Thyroseq result was a positive independent predictor of a change to no surgery (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.69–8.89). Nodule size, multiple nodules, compressive symptoms, and history of hypothyroidism were not significant. Of the 91 patients who underwent a management change, 71% (65/91) did not undergo surgery. On follow‐up (average 985 ± 615 days), 12% (8/65) of those nodules were growing or developed suspicious features requiring surgery. Conclusions Molecular testing helped avoid surgery in almost half our population with indeterminate thyroid nodules, and benign results may help avoid surgery in asymptomatic patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Centella asiatica is mostly used in Chinese & Ayurvedic, Unani medicine as a Memory Enhancer, Nervous system disorders, and Topical Skin Disease treatments. Triterpenoids, Saponins are important chemical constituents believed to exert these pharmacological actions. Apart from this it’s also used in diarrhoea, fever, amenorrhea, reliving anxiety and cognitive effects’ asiatica or Gotu kola is often confused with kola nut which does not contains any CNS stimulants like caffein and do not show any stimulant effect. For hundreds of decades before it was used in ayurvedic system of medicine, which is recorded in ‘Sushruta Samhita’ an ancient ayurvedic medical manuscript. It’s also used by Indonesian and Javanese; Chinese ancient peoples know over 2000 years ago. This article focuses on the Phytochemistry, Traditional uses, Pharmacological effects, Toxicology of Centella asiatica.