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This chapter brings a biobehavioral model of stress and attachment theory to explore whether self-silencing can be viewed as an adaptive mode of coping for women within the social expectations prescribed by gender stereotypes in Polish society. The author argues that self-silencing may serve an adaptive function for a woman by ensuring the protection and raising of her children; however, the chapter also acknowledges that such adaptation may compromise psychological health. The author reports that her findings with Polish women demonstrate that self-silencing is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon in its relation to stress and well-being. The chapter also describes the need for further research into the interplay between social contexts, gender roles and the status of women in our understanding of self-silencing and its correlates.

The aim of this article is to reflect on the content, form, and meaning of so-called integrative psychotherapy. I analyze the contemporary shift towards integrative therapy in terms of several aspects: (1) its history: from an “unthinkable” approach to being recognized as almost the standard; (2) its current incarnations and meanings. Is the integrative approach possible without a paradigm to start out from, which is “home” for the therapist? (3) its future – the possible directions in which it is heading.

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In the present paper we consider the specific relationship between communal and agentic functioning of narcissistic individuals. The study was aimed to test whether narcissist’s aggression is due to not only negative information about their agency but also positive information about their communion. Whereas the first effect is well- documented in empirical studies, the second effect has been revealed in our prior research. The results of the present study confirmed both effects: negative information about one’s agency increased aggressive tendencies (operationalized as a display of demeaning behavior) and decreased state self-esteem, while positive information about one’s communion resulted only in displaced aggression. The aggressive response to positive communal information is discussed as the success-as-aflaw effect, which we mean as inverse of the failure-as-an asset effect. According to the success-as-a-flaw effect, positive outcomes in the communal domain, considered by narcissists to be an evidence of low-status, are threatening for the grandiose self, based on the domain of agency. The social cognitive and clinical approach is employed to interpret these results.