W pracy przedstawiono ocenę zniszczenia stalowych złączy spawanych w wyniku kruchego pękania. Wykazano, że krytyczne wartości odporności na pękanie i rozwarcia czoła pęknięcia mogą być wyznaczone na podstawie wyników badania udarności. Dokonano wstępnej oceny dopuszczalnej długości szczelin (niezgodności spawalniczych) w tych złączach ze względu na możliwość kruchego pękania.
This work presents a proposal of the new design of an extrusion head for polymer pipes manufacturing, especially from polyethylene. The most significant feature of this head is that the conical core of the conical nozzle and the nozzle port of the core have on their surfaces coils made along a helical path which are shifted relatively to each other. As a result, the channel created between these parts contributes to helical twisted polymer flow. Helical flow causes tangential stresses which is a result of the orientation of the macromolecules in the flow direction. This makes that the pipe has increased strength to internal pressure. This current state of knowledge of this kind of extrusion heads and the mathematical interpretation of increasing the strength of the polymer pipes during the extrusion process were also presented. The proposed new extrusion head allows the production of polymer pipes with increased mechanical strength using a very easy and inexpensive method.
Wyznaczanie dopuszczalnej wielkości szczeliny w złączu spawanym ze względu na możliwość jego pękaniaCalculating the permissible size of the fissure in welded joint because of the possibility of his cracking Dr hab. inż. Krzysztof Werner, prof. PCz; dr inż. Kwiryn Wojsyk, adiunkt PCz -Politechnika Częstochowska.Autor korespondencyjny/Corresponding author: krzysztofwerner@tlen.pl
StreszczeniePraca przedstawia podstawowe zależności i wzory stosowane do wyznaczania dopuszczalnej wielkości szczeliny w złączu spawanym ze względu na możliwość jego pęknięcia. Wyznaczono dopuszczalne wielkości szczeliny dla dwóch typów stalowych złączy spawanych z uwzględnieniem założonego modelu rozkładu naprężeń własnych. Obliczenia wykonano na podstawie krytycznych właściwości materiałowych złącza, stosowanych w mechanice pękania, tj: odporności na pękanie i krytycznej wartości rozwarcia czoła pęknięcia. Właściwości te wyznaczono na podstawie wyników badań udarności złączy spawanych.
Słowa kluczowe: złącza spawane, kruche pękanie, niezgodności złączy spawanych
AbstractThe work presents basic dependences and formulas applied to calculating the permissible size of the fissure in welded joint because of the possibility of his cracking. The permissible sizes of the fissure were evaluated for two types of steel welded joints with the regard put model of the residual stress distribution. The calculations were made on the basis of the critical material proprieties of welded joint, applied in the mechanics of cracking, i.e.: fracture toughness and the critical value of crack tip opening displacement. These proprieties were assigned on basis of the test results of impact resistance of welded joints.
The paper presents the results of research on low cycle properties of highchromium martensitic GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 (GP91) cast steel. The tests of fatigue strength were carried out at two temperatures: room temperature and at 600°C. At both temperatures the occurrence of cyclic softening of the cast steel was observed, revealing no clear stabilization period. Moreover, it has been proved that the fatigue life is influenced by the temperature which depends on the level of strain. The greatest influence was observed for the smallest strain levels applied in the research.
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