Introduction: Anatomy of renal arteries and length of infrarenal aorta play a vital role in various renal and aortic vascular interventions and surgical procedures including renal transplantation. Aim: To estimate mean lengths of renal arteries, the vertical distance between origins of both renal arteries, infrarenal aortic lengths, and presence of accessory renal arteries on contrast Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted at KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India in which contrast enhanced CT scans of the abdomen was performed between October and December 2021. The CT image datasets of 61 individuals were evaluated in the study, of which 45 were males and 16 were females. The arterial phase images were anonymised and loaded in the curved Multiplanar Reformatted (MPR) algorithm. The lengths of both Renal Arteries (RA), vertical distance between origins of both Renal Arteries (RAD), infrarenal Aortic Lengths (AL), and presence of accessory renal arteries were noted. For statistical analysis Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 was used and Pearson’s Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for calculation. Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.7±7.5 years. Mean right RA was 3.75±1.25 cm and left RA was 2.89±0.98 cm. Right RA was significantly longer than left RA (p=0.019). Mean RAD was 0.61 cm. In 35 cases of (57%) right RA originated at a higher level than the left RA. The mean AL was 9.68±1.18 cm. Accessory renal arteries were seen in nine of cases (14.8%). Conclusion: The mean measurements obtained can provide vital guidance during renal and aortic surgeries and vascular interventions.

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Introduction: There is brainstem atrophy with normal ageing. It is pertinent to determine, if this atrophy with ageing, is associated with significant alteration in the midbrain to pons ratio. Aim: To determine sizes and ratio of midbrain and pons area among adults and elderly. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was done in a tertiary care hospital, S Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India from January 2022 to March 2022, including 200 apparently healthy adult and elderly participants. They were divided into two groups, 100 men (M1≤50 years and M2>50 years) and 100 women (F1≤50 years and F2>50 years). Each underwent multiplanar T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain. An experienced Radiologist identified midsagittal image, and measured midbrain and pons areas on that image. Mean and standard deviations of midbrain and pons area and midbrain to pons area ratio were estimated for each of the groups. Independent Sample t-test was used to determine significance of differences between groups. Results: A total of 200 participants were included in the study with mean age of 51 years and 3 months. The midbrain to pons area ratio among M2 and F2 groups ranged from 0.20 to 0.39, and in M1 and F1 groups it ranged from 0.23 to 0.47. Midbrain areas and midbrain to pons area ratio were significantly more among participants aged less than 50 years among both males (p-value = 0.014 and 0.024) and females (p-value = 0.011 and 0.032) in comparison with participants aged more than 50 years. Conclusion: Midbrain to pons area ratio decreases significantly in older age, and hence, age needs to be accounted for, while interpreting the ratio.