No abstract

Presence is a leading service enabler that permits the leveraging of existing unused dynamic network and user-specified (presentity), although the model itself is seamlessly extensible to support a composite presence view derived from multiple sources.Initial simple notions of presence (online/offline status) have evolved to include context information such as disposition (out to lunch, away from the computer), activity status (on the phone, idle) and mood (happy, sad), among others. The presence server broadens the idea of presence recognizing that all such information, including location, describes different contexts of an entity's existence. Presence information is highly dynamic and sensitive (merits privacy considerations), and presence-capable applications generate value from using the current information at different times.In this letter, we explore the evolution of presence standards and discuss a converged architecture and value-added components of presence; we also provide a simple application example to illustrate how presence works. Presence StandardsAs shown in Figure 1, mainly three standards bodies define presence standards-the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [4], which focuses on

No abstract

IntroductionServices in the PSTN/IN Requesting InTernet Services (SPIRITS) [10] is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group focused on providing infrastructure, architecture, and protocol support to enable entities providing services in the PSTN/IN network such as service control points (SCPs) to request that service-related processing be carried out at Internet protocol (IP) endpoints. SPIRITSThe SPIRITS architecture makes it possible for third-party application providers to deliver turnkey application add-ons to the traditional PSTN/IN services and transport by bridging existing legacy networks and the new and emerging IP-based service networks. The SPIRITS server typically is provided with the control of a call based on the intelligent networking (IN) triggers defined in the PSTN/IN network and, as such, is enabled to provide enhanced application logic above and beyond legacy telephony calling services provided by an SCP. Hence, the SPIRITS server is an IP-based application server that interfaces to the PSTN network via the SPIRITS protocol. Telecom Service Creation the Internet WayIn this architecture, the real revenue-generating potential emerges from the open, Internet-like model of service development this approach enables. Unprecedented numbers of application developers are working for enterprise networks, applying IP-based

No abstract