Despite the prevalence of superresolution (SR) microscopy, quantitative live-cell SR imaging that maintains the completeness of delicate structures and the linearity of fluorescence signals remains an uncharted territory. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is the ideal tool for live-cell SR imaging. However, it suffers from an out-of-focus background that leads to reconstruction artifacts. Previous post hoc background suppression methods are prone to human bias, fail at densely labeled structures, and are nonlinear. Here, we propose a physical model-based Background Filtering method for living cell SR imaging combined with the 2D-SIM reconstruction procedure (BF-SIM). BF-SIM helps preserve intricate and weak structures down to sub-70 nm resolution while maintaining signal linearity, which allows for the discovery of dynamic actin structures that, to the best of our knowledge, have not been previously monitored.

Hyperledger is considered to be the most mature consortium chain technology. Compared with other blockchain technologies, Hyperledger focuses on the application development of enterprise-level standards. Due to its unique permission management, fine-grained access control, pluggable consensus algorithm and higher transaction performance, Hyperledger has been increasingly used in the hospital information systems. Although there are more and more applications of Hyperledger in the field of health care, there is currently no research to comprehensively classify and compare them. This article obtained the latest 222 articles related to Hyperledger from the of Web of science, Wordlib, and EBSCO databases. And this article used manual method to filter out the literates needed for this review. This article had comprehensively analyzed and compared the above literature, then summarized four research directions related to hospital information systems, including medical drug traceability, medical records, medical images and other medical fields (financial benefits, medical insurance, medical system performance and dynamic processing). Through in-depth analysis of all solutions, this article reconstructed the architecture diagrams of each solution that focus on Hyperledger, and showed the most intuitive comparison results. In addition, we summarized each solution, and analyzed their implementation form four aspects, including traceability, monitoring, security and privacy. Finally, the future opportunities and prospects were discussed. Four potential medical research directions of Hyperledger in DNA research, pathological image sharing, protein folding calculation and machine learning had been identified. Finally, this article discussed the opportunities and prospects for the future of hospital information systems, and summarized the applications of Hyperledger in four potential directions, including DNA research, pathological image sharing, protein folding calculation and machine learning.

In some liberal democracies, governments allow people to legally own guns to protect their lives and property. However, gun crime has been increasing in recent years. Taking the United States, for example, a report pointed out that Americans are 10 times more likely to be shot than citizens of other countries. Murder using guns in the United States is 25 times more than that in the other 22 high-income countries. Most of these guns came from other cities. These illegally circulating guns are directly linked to deadly street violence. This means that effective firearm management can reduce deadly violence. In the past few years, Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology was often used to track the supply chain. However, in the traditional supply chain, only the participants of the supply chain can query information. Furthermore, only the participants can verify the correctness of the data. This result causes information to be not transparent. On the other hand, blockchain technology, with a unique combination of features such as distributed notes, decentralized structure, consensus algorithm, storage mechanism, asymmetric encryption, and smart contract, ensures network visibility, transparency, and security. Therefore, we combine blockchain and RFID technology to propose a traceable firearm management system based on blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The proposed method achieves several goals. First of all, the characteristic data through the blockchain can be publicly verified and the information will not be modified. The traceability of the data and the application of RFID can effectively manage the production chain. In addition, we used Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic (BAN logic) logic to prove mutual authentication, and the nonrepudiation and integrity method can also be achieved in our proposed scheme.

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