Articles reporting research may be full length or brief reports. These should report original research findings within the journal's scope. Papers should generally be a maximum of 4000 words in length, excluding tables, references, abstract and key points of the article, whilst references should not exceed 36. Review PapersComprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope. Review articles provide a review of the literature. There are two types of review papers:-systematic review papers: respond to a specific research question, accrue from criterion-based selection of sources, include a quantitative synthesis that includes a statistical method (meta-analysis) and should adhere to PRISMA guidelines. Guidelines used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity should be noted in methods section. -narrative reviews: the research question may be broad, and the scope of this review is to discuss a specific topic and keep the readers up-to-date about it. This type of review does not necessarily include a methodological approach and its synthesis is usually qualitative. Narrative reviews should include a "developments" section, with details regarding data sources used, keywords applied, time restrictions and study types selected. All review papers should be generally less than 6000 words, excluding abstract, tables, figures and references. References should not exceed 50 unless on a topic that has an extensive evidence base. The conclusion of the reviews must be specific and stem from the findings. Short ReportsBrief reports of data from original research. Short reports are shorter versions of original articles, may include one table or figure, should not exceed 1500 words and 15 references. Short reports are suitable for the presentation of research that extends previously published research, including the reporting of additional evidence and confirmatory results in other settings, as well as negative results. Authors must clearly acknowledge any work upon which they are building, both published and unpublished. Study ProtocolsArticles describing a research protocol of a study. This article type can be for proposed or for ongoing research and should contain the background, research hypothesis, rationale a detailed methodology of the study. The SPIRIT 2013 Checklist guidelines ideally should be applied. Study protocols submitted for publication must have received ethics approval. Protocols of randomized trials should follow the CONSORT guidelines and must have a trial registration number, while observational studies should follow STROBE guidelines. Methodology PapersPapers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation. It is suggested that case studies or practical examples, which can be existing ones, are included to demonstrate the consistency and applicability of the methodology. Methodology papers should be generally less than 6000 words, excluding abstract, tables, figures and referen...

This research aims to identify: 1) the influence of working time on teacher performance, 2) the influence of motivation on teacher performance, and 3) the influence of working time and motivation on performance of elementary school teachers in the villages of Samudra and Samudra Kulon. This research is ex-post facto looking for causal relationships, to reveal facts based on measurements of symptoms that have occurred in each respondent. Determination of the sample in this study is a saturated sample, where all members of the population become the object of research. Total population is 50 people. The analysis carried out was a simple and multiple correlation analysis and regression analysis. Respondents in this research have a working time of 2 to 32 years. The results of this research are (1) there is a negative influence on the working time variable on teacher performance; (2) there is a positive influence on the motivation variable on teacher performance; and (3) there is a positive influence on working time and motivation on performance. The effective contribution of working time and motivation to performance are 8.9% and 18%, respectively. The relative contribution of working time and motivation to performance are 33% and 67%, respectively.Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi: 1) pengaruh masa kerja terhadap kinerja guru, 2) pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja guru, dan 3) pengaruh masa kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja guru Sekolah Dasar di Desa Samudra dan Samudra Kulon. Penelitian ini bersifat ex-post facto yang mencari hubungan kausal, untuk mengungkapkan fakta berdasarkan pengukuran atas gejala yang telah terjadi pada diri masing-masing responden. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel jenuh, dimana semua anggota populasi menjadi objek penelitian. Jumlah populasi adalah 50 orang. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis korelasi dan analisis regresi baik sederhana maupun ganda. Responden dalam penelitian ini memiliki masa kerja antara 2 sampai 32 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) terdapat pengaruh negatif variabel masa kerja terhadap kinerja guru ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi -0,443 dan nilai koefisien regresi -0,398. (2) Terdapat pengaruh positif variabel motivasi terhadap kinerja guru yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,496 dan nilai koefisien regresi 0,416. (3) Terdapat pengaruh positif variabel masa kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien determinasi 0,269 dan nilai F hitung 8,659. Sumbangan efektif masa kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja masingmasing adalah 8,9% dan 18%. Sumbangan relatif masa kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja masing-masing adalah 33% dan 67%. Kata Kunci : masa kerja, motivasi dan kinerja Sugito, Y. Suyitno dan Kuntoro

CUPPING AS PAIN ALTERNATIVE THERAPYABSTRACTPain is still a world’s problem. Current pain treatment is still unsatisfactory due to its chronicity and existing drugs’ side effects. Due to dissatisfaction with the existing treatment, many patients are choosing a traditional therapy for their pain treatment. Cupping therapy is one of the traditional therapies that is widely used to relieve pain. Cupping therapy has been used in many countries in the world. Some of these countries have used cupping therapy as a pain treatment in hospitals. Neurologists are handling pain cases in their daily practice. Nearly 80% of patients come to the doctor with one of their complaint related to pain directly. The knowledge of cupping therapy for pain is important for the development of new therapies in order to solve the pain problems that so far have not reached a satisfactory level.Keyword: Alternative therapy, cupping therapy, pain, pain problemsABSTRAKNyeri masih merupakan masalah dunia. Pengobatan nyeri saat ini masih belum sampai tahap yang memuaskan terkait kronisitas dan efek samping obat yang ada. Akibat ketidakpuasan dengan pengobatan yang ada, banyak pasien yang memilih terapi tradisional untuk pengobatan nyerinya. Terapi bekam merupakan salah satu terapi tradisional yang banyak dipakai untuk meredakan keluhan nyeri. Terapi bekam telah dipakai di banyak negara di dunia. Sebagian negara tersebut telah menggunakan bekam sebagai terapi nyeri di rumah sakit. Bekam menurunkan nyeri melalui efek antinosiseptifnya, dengan cara stimulasi sistem saraf perifer dan menurunkan stres oksidatif. Studi terbaru menunjukkan bahwa terapi bekam basah dapat meningkatkan ekspresi ß-endorphin dan HSP70 keratinosit pada lokasi bekam. Dalam praktek sehari-hari dokter spesialis saraf menangani kasus nyeri. Hampir 80% pasien datang ke dokter dengan disertai salah satu keluhan yang berkaitan dengan nyeri secara langsung. Pengetahuan tentang terapi bekam untuk nyeri penting diketahui untuk pengembangan terapi baru guna menyelesaikan permasalahan nyeri yang sampai saat ini belum sampai pada tahap yang memuaskan.Kata kunci: Masalah nyeri, nyeri, terapi alternatif, terapi bekam

BEHAVIORAL ASSESMENT OF THE PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL: RAT WITH CCI (CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY)ABSTRACTNeuropathic pain occurs in 20% of patients with chronic pain. This mainly due to the lack of effective treatment and the presence of drug’s side effects. Animal models have been broadly utilized in validating the therapeutic target and the development of analgesic drugs. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) is a model of peripheral neuropathic pain characterized by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Chronic constriction injury model is produced by loose ligation of the sciatic nerve resulting in nerve damage, thus sensitizes and lowers pain threshold. The pain threshold test is performed by providing a pressure and thermal sensory stimulus that results in observable withdrawal behavior. This article discusses several methods in assessing pain-related behavior on the CCI neuropathic pain model.Keywords: Behavioral, chronic constriction injury, mechanical, neuropathic painABSTRAKNyeri neuropatik terjadi pada seperlima pasien dengan nyeri kronik. Hal ini disebabkan karena terapi nyeri neuropatik masih kurang efektif dan adanya efek samping obat. Model hewan terbukti bermanfaat untuk validasi target dan perkembangan obat analgesik. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) merupakan model nyeri neuropatik perifer dengan karakteristik alodinia dan hiperalgesia. Model CCI dibuat dengan memberikan ligasi longgar pada saraf skiatik yang menyebabkan kerusakan saraf, sehingga terjadi sensitisasi dan ambang nyeri menurun. Tes ambang nyeri dilakukan dengan memberikan stimulus sensorik berupa tekanan dan panas yang akan menghasilkan tingkah laku withdrawal yang bisa diobservasi. Artikel ini membahas penilaian tingkah laku nyeri pada model nyeri neuropatik CCI.Kata kunci: Chronic constriction injury, mekanik, nyeri neuropatik, tingkah laku

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developing countries is still a major health problem, including in Indonesia. Antenatal Care (ANC), delivery with skilled birth attendance (SBA) at the time of delivery and delivery in institutional are universally considered important for reducing maternal mortality. Husbands can play a crucial role in pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, the aim of this study was analyze the indicators of husband's role in pregnancy and maternity care which were suspected as one of the determinants of   ANC and SBA use in Polewali Mandar Regency. The population of this prospective cohort study was all married and pregnant woman, before using contraceptives and contraceptive failure or not using contraception and pregnancy is planned, unplanned pregnancy or mistimed pregnancy in Polewali Mandar 2015 (Size of sample = 100). Samples were randomly selected from participants of screening in 12 sub-districts in Polewali Mandar. Data about husband's role in pregnancy and maternity care was obtained through interviews using a structured questionnaire data processing by using SMART-PLS.  The result of data analysis suggested that the coefficient value that has been standardized from each indicator were as follows: accessibility = 0.944 and engagement = 0.954, dan responsibility = 0.968. Indicators of organizational support in implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System at Polewali Mandar Regency, respectively from the most important are: responsibility, engagement, and accessibility.