Sweden 1981 10 2 Definitions-Dislocation, subluxation, dysplasia 12 Results of efforts towards early diagnosis of CDH in Sweden 14 The bench of Hippocrates 15 5 Hip joint examination, Le Damany (1912) 18 The development of breech malposition in utero 22 Generalized joint laxity 25 8 A Lapp woman with her child in a "komsion" 28 The centre-edge (CE) angle of the acetabulum 34 10 The spherical index (SI) of the femoral head 35 11 Children with late-diagnosed CDH treated at all orthopaedic departments in 12 Fifty-two cases of late-diagnosed CDH, born in 1976 42 Case reports 1-111. Avascular necrosis of the hip joint 46-48 Hip joint examination of newborn infants. The abduction test and 15 Examining the lengths of the legs and other asymmetries 56 Habitual unilateral supine position 60 Limited abduction of the hip joint 60 18 The "Original von Rosen splint" 69 Hilgenreiner's measurements 70 The effect of pelvic rotation on the acetabular angle 71 21 The effect of pelvic tilting on the acetabular angle 72 The Andren and von Rosen method of radiographic examination 73 23 Arthrogram in a newborn infant with hip joint instability 75 24 A bench for the radiographic follow-up examination 76 25 Effects of pelvic rotation on the radiographic view 77 26 Measurements of the acetabular angles and the ossification centres of 27 The heights of the ossification centres of the femoral heads at 6 months 81 28 The heights of the ossification centres of the femoral heads at 12 months 82 29 Normal variations in the size of the ossification centre of the femoral head 1948-1979 39 subluxation-provocation 50 the femoral heads 78 at 6 and 12 months 83 sia. Aarskog D, Stoa KF and Thorsen T (1966) Urinary oestrogen excretion in newborn infants with congenital dysplasia of the hip joint. Acta Paediatr Scand 55:394. Almby B, Hjelmstedt A and Lonnerholm T (1979) Neonatal hip instability. Reason for failure of early abduction treatment. Acta Orthop Scand 50:315. Almby B and Lonnerholm T (1978) Hip joint instability after the neonatal period. Diagnosis and treatment of 20 consecutive cases. Acta Orthop Scand 49:371. AndrCn L (1960) Instability of the pubic symphysis and congenital dislocation of the hip in newborns. Acta Radiol 54:123. AndrCn L (1962) Pelvic instability in newborns. Thesis. Acta Radiol Suppl 212. Andrh L and Borglin NE (1960) A disorder of oestrogen metabolism as a causal factor of congenital dislocation of the hip. Acta Orthop Scand 30:169. Andrkn L and Borglin NE (1961) Disturbed urinary excretion pattern of oestrogens in newborns with congenital dislocation of the hip. Acta Endocr 37:423, 427. AndrCn L and PalmCn K (1963) Seasonal variation of birth dates of infants with congenital dislocation of the hip. Acta Orhtop Scand 33:127. AndrCn L and von Rosen S (1958) The diagnosis of dislocation of the hip in newborns and the primary results of immediate treatment. Acta Radiol 49:89.

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A survey of 274 late detected cases of CDH born in the years 1970--74 is presented. The incidence of late cases in southeast Norway was calculated to 2.2 per 1 000 live births. The hips of all patients were examined at birth, the majority by trained pediatricians, without disclosing any hip affections. 86% were females. Only 6.9% were delivered in the breech position. One-half of the patients had luxation (20%) or subluxation (30%), the rest had dysplasia without dislocation. In 19% both hips were involved. The low incidence of breech presentations in late CDH-cases compared with the incidence among neonatal cases (15.7%) point to some etiological differences. It seems that we in Norway have two types of CDH, one caused by joint laxity and detectable at birth and another, not present at birth, with progressive dysplasia of the hip and dislocation developing during the first year of life.