Electronic cigarettes regulation in Indonesia has not been set yet. In the last 4 years the electronic cigarettes have been widely distributed and used in Indonesia. Electronic cigarettes contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol, liquid flavors, etc. All ingredients produce vapor when heated. Vapor and particles from electronic cigarettes affect the human health. Formaldehyde is known as a product of propylene glycol and glycerol vapor degradation. Formaldehyde is one of the chemical agents categorized as carcinogen. The aim of the research was to analyze the identification of formaldehyde vapor concentration and health complaint of electronic cigarettes smoker. The research was conducted in Surabaya city, Indonesia, from October 2015 to December 2016. The research used cross-sectional approach. Sample was obtained by purposive sampling that fulfilled samples inclusion criteria. The variables were the onset of smoking electronic cigarettes, smoking frequency of electronic cigarettes, formaldehyde vapor concentration, cotinine urine, and health complaint of electronic cigarettes smoker. The result showed that formaldehyde concentration in six vapors varied while cotinine urine mostly was positive. It is suggested to educate people about hazard of electronic cigarettes and to conduct further research to identify chemical agent in electronic cigarettes.

In Klaten district,  leptospirosis cases raised  up  during  6 years (2006–2013), except in 2012.  The  healthy houses coverage raised up as well, although some houses still had not met healthy house criteria. The aim of this study was to analyze of house conditions and the rat exsistence affected to the leptospirosis cases in Klaten district. This study was observational analytic study used case control design. This study  was conducted on November, 2013–June, 2014 by using questionnaire, interview, and observation. The sample was 60 respondents with 30 cases and 30 controls. The independent variables  were the house conditions, house components, sanitation facilities, behavior,  and rat existence in the  house. Bivariate analysis  used chi square  test,  the  result showed that the  house conditions (p value  =  0.009 OR = 6.882), behavior  (p value = 0.017 OR = 6.000), and the rat existence in the house (p value = 0.030 OR = 10.545) were related to the leptospirosis cases. Multivariate analysis  used logistic regression test, the result showed unhealthy house conditions was the dominant risk factors that affect to the leptospirosis cases with value of probability about 74,6% and  two-fold  higher  risk compared with healthy house conditions. The suggestion for community in Klaten District is attempting to improve  the environmental house health by having a clean  and healthy living, such as always to put the garbage away to the waterproof  and closed bins and to put the garbage away regularly from house in the evening to prevent  rats go into house.Keywords: housing conditions, rat, unhealthy houses, leptospirosis

Waste problems in Islamic boarding school is commonly caused by the low awareness of students and others individuals in practicing new paradigm of 3R waste management method (reduce, reuse, recycle). Target partner in empowering the community is Al Amin Boarding School Tunggul Paciran Lamongan. This empowerment program is built based on Dignan theory, starting with community analysis, targeted assessment, program plan development, implementation and evaluation. The Activities in September – October 2022. Our health education was successfully increased the students’ knowledge about waste management up to 86,6%, the students also were able to sort their waste, and did organic composting using Takakura bag.

Latar Belakang : jumlah kepadatan tikus serta pinjal dapat menjadi faktor penyebaran penyakit. Utamanya di pelabuhan yang menjadi tempat keluar masuknya orang dan barang sehingga memudahkan adanya penyebaran penyakit. Maka dari itu perlu dilihat gambaran kepadatan tikus dan pinjal di pelabuhan serta melakukan identifikasinya. Metode : metode survei dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung dan pengolahan data didasarkan pada hasil identifikasi tikus dan ektoparasit yang tertangkap yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi. Pelaksanaan penangkapan tikus dilakukan selama 4 hari dengan perangkap yang dipasang setiap harinya berjumlah 100 perangkap dengan umpan ikan asin dan kelapa bakar. Hasil : berdasarkan hasil survei penangkapan tikus di Pelabuhan Tanjungwangi didapatkan hasil kepadatan tikus sebesar 0,005, trap success sebesar 0,5% dan indeks pinjal sebesar 0,5. Tikus yang tertangkap di Pelabuhan Tanjungwangi sebanyak 2 ekor setelah dilakukan identifikasi tikus yang didapatkan merupakan jenis Tikus Sawah (Rattus argentiventer) berjenis kelamin jantan dan lokasi tikus tertangkap berada pada saluran air terbuka di dekat area pos. Berdasarkan hasil penyisiran tikus ditemukan 1 ekor pinjal yang merupakan pinjal jenis Xenopsylla cheopis berjenis kelamin jantan. Kesimpulan : hasil perhitungan kepadatan tikus dan indeks pinjal sesuai dengan baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan. Meskipun telah sesuai dengan baku mutu, tetap perlu dilakukan pengendalian seperti memberikan penutup saluran air yang terbuka serta menjaga kebersihan lingkungan sekitar pelabuhan.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a major cause of global health problems. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the risk factors of the physical environment in terms of ventilation, home density, and lighting, as well as to test their sensitivity to TB. Methods: The Meta-Analysis method was used with the PICOS technique, and a total of 11 articles were obtained through Google Scholar and Science Direct. Results and Discussions: The meta-analysis showed that home density posed the highest risk among the physical environment variables with a pooled PR = e1.33 = 3.781 (95% CI 1.10 – 1.56). Furthermore, the results were relatively on the variable of ownership and home density, and unstable on the lighting. Conclusion: Based on the results, home density had the highest risk among the physical environment variable. Therefore, the community is advised to improve promotive services by providing information related to TB, such as healthy homes and fulfilling requirements.