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Chronic migraine has been related to the entrapment of the supratrochlear nerve within the corrugator supercilii muscle. Recently, research has shown that people who have undergone botulinum neurotoxin A injection in frontal regions reported disappearance or alleviation of their migraines. There have been numerous anatomical studies conducted on Caucasians revealing possible anatomical problems leading to migraine; on the other hand, relatively few anatomical studies have been conducted on Asians. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the topographic relationship between the supratrochlear nerve and corrugator supercilii muscle in the forehead that may be the cause of migraine. Fifty-eight hemifaces from Korean and Thai cadavers were used for this study. The supratrochlear nerve entered the corrugator supercilii muscle in every case. Type I, in which the supratrochlear nerve emerged separately from the supraorbital nerve at the medial one-third portion of the orbit, was observed in 69% (40/58) of cases. Type II, in which the supratrochlear nerve emerged from the orbit at the same location as the supraorbital nerve, was observed in 31% (18/58) of cases.

In this paper, we report on experimental results dealing with the minimum ignition energy (MIE) of coating polymer powders. An important result was found that some of the samples examined were so sensitive that even a spark with a very low energy, such as 2 mJ, could ignite them. The values of the discharge spark energy of ignition testing set by the BSI (British Standards Institution) standards and the FM (Factory Mutual) regulations related to the safe operation of electrostatic powder coating systems are sufficiently high to result in the ignition of some of the coating powders. Therefore, it is imperative that more appropriate discharge spark energy values in testing be defined for safety assessment in electrostatic powder coating systems.

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