Europium (Eu(3+))-doped epoxy-based resin Norland optical adhesive (NOA) polymers have been prepared and characterized optically. Quartz capillary tube encapsulated Eu(3+)-doped NOA polymeric waveguides have been fabricated via a simple withdrawal molding technique. Optical amplification at 612 nm wavelength has been demonstrated in these waveguide devices, and the signal enhancements for different lengths of the devices have been measured. A maximum signal enhancement of ~30 dB has been obtained for a 16 mm long device.

Europium Eu -doped deoxyribonucleic acid-cetyltrimethylammonium (DNA-CTMA) biopolymers have been prepared and characterized optically. Quartz capillary tube encapsulated Eu -doped biopolymeric waveguides have been fabricated via a simple withdrawal molding technique. Optical amplification at 612-nm wavelength has been demonstrated in these waveguide devices, and the signal enhancements for different lengths of the devices have been measured. A maximum signal enhancement of 24 dB has been obtained for a 15-mm-long device.