Supplementary irrigant agitation with the Finisher GF Brush improved the debridement of canals prepared with Gentlefile and size 25, .04 taper rotary NiTi. Root canal debridement did not significantly differ between the instruments when syringe irrigation was used.

No abstract

A mathematical model has been developed to investigate the effect of a sprinkler spray on adjacent horizontal smoke venting and in particular the water droplet drag component. The pressure difference across a roof vent and the volumetric flow of smoke vented are determined by considering the interaction between the drag force of the sprinkler spray and the buoyancy of the smoke layer in the spray region. Smoke venting may become progressively more inefficient as the sprinkler operating pressure increases due to the cooling and drag effect of the sprinkler spray. Full scale experiments were carried out to validate the model. Results show that the mathematical model can predict the observed trend of a decrease in vented volumetric flow with an increase in sprinkler operating pressure, which eventually leads to ineffective smoke venting. Experiments with different smoke venting areas show that vent area has little influence on smoke flow once sprinkler pressure causes a loss in smoke flow efficiency or vent function.

Our results suggest that ACE may play a role in human epidermis morphogenesis during fetal life and serve as an unrecognized marker for keratinocyte progenitor cells.

To find out the predicting factors of early recurrent hypothermia in patients from a mental institute and the role of use of antipsychotics. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Accident and emergency department of a regional public hospital in Hong Kong. Method: All adult patients transferred from a mental hospital to the study centre presenting with hypothermia from 1st January 2002 to 31st December 2009 were included. Demographic data, medical history, drug history, patient's mobility status, and the ambient temperature of the presenting date were collected as predicting variable and analyzed using Wei, Lin and Weissfeld model, with time to the next hypothermia as outcome variable. Results: Forty eight patients with 96 hypothermia episodes were included. The use of typical antipsychotics was associated with a significantly shorter median time to the next hypothermia episode (50.2 to 21 months) (p=0.005 by log rank test). In the Wei, Lin and Weissfeld model, use of typical antipsychotics was the sole significant predicting factor for early recurrent hypothermia (p<0.0001), with hazard ratio of 2.89 (95% CI 1.64-5.10). Conclusion: Use of typical antipsychotics is the only significant predictor of early recurrence of hypothermia in institutionalised psychiatric patients.