The resolution of microsphere-based nanoscopy is studied using fluorescently labeled nanospheres and F-actin protein filaments with the emission coupled to the localized surface plasmon resonances in the underlying Au nanodisk arrays. Virtual imaging is performed through high-index microspheres embedded in plastic coverslips placed in contact with the nanoscale objects. For 150 and 200 nm periods of nanoplasmonic arrays, the imaging has a solid immersion lens-limited resolution, whereas for shorter periods of 80 and 100 nm, the resolution was found to increase up to ∼λ/7, where λ is the emission wavelength. The results cannot be interpreted within a framework of a regular localized plasmonic structured illumination microscopy since the array period was significantly shorter than the wavelength and postimaging processing was not used. It is hypothesized that the observed super-resolution is based on coupling of the emission of nanoscale objects to strongly localized near-field maxima in the adjacent plasmonic metasurfaces followed by evanescent coupling to high-index microspheres.

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