ObjectiveThis article provides a comprehensive review of the healthcare reform process driven by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health’s Direction of Healthcare Activities (DOHA) scheme.MethodsWe reviewed policy documents relating to DOHA, along with historical literature and background information describing its formation.ResultsDOHA (Chỉ đạo tuyến in Vietnamese) literally means guidance line or level in English. It requires healthcare facilities at higher government administration levels to support those at lower levels (the four levels being central, provincial, district, and commune), to help lower level hospitals to provide medical services for local communities in primary care settings and reduce the number of patients in higher level (central and provincial) hospitals. Since the 1990s, there have been too many patients attending higher level hospitals, and DOHA has therefore focused on technical skills transfer training to help alleviate this situation. Designated core central hospitals now provide technical skills transfer to provincial hospitals. Professional technical lists for each level of health facility have enabled strong commitment and proactive ownership of the process of training management in both higher and lower level hospitals.ConclusionThe DOHA scheme has accelerated the necessary up-skilling of healthcare at lower level public hospitals across Vietnam. These reforms are highly relevant for other countries with limited healthcare resources.
A CoFe binary alloy film with 24 kG of saturation magnetic flux density, B s , was prepared by electrodeposition. The B s value of the CoFe alloy film prepared by electrodeposition from the conventional bath is usually equal to 21 kG. With the addition of trimethylamineborane, a well-known reducing agent, the B s value was found to increase to 23 kG. Furthermore, with the use of a separated compartment dual cell system, a B s value as high as 24 kG was reached. For obtaining the highest B s , it was found to be essential to avoid the oxidation of ferrous ion to ferric ion in the plating bath. The coercivity, H c , values were 15, 14, and 15 Oe for the films with 20, 23, and 24 kG of B s , respectively. The key for obtaining high B s materials is to avoid the oxidation of ferrous ions in the bath. In addition, it was found that the H c value of 15 Oe for CoFe film with the highest B s value of 24 kG could be lowered to 8 Oe by annealing in an applied magnetic field of 500 Oe.To meet the strong demand for high performance write-heads to be used for high density magnetic recording, 1 soft magnetic materials with high saturation magnetic density, B s , are being developed by many researchers. 2-6 We previously developed a CoNiFe alloy with B s ϭ 20-21 kG using electrodeposition 7,8 and it has been in practical use. The CoFe binary alloy is known as a material with B s of about 24 kG, which is close to the limiting value achievable with ferromagnetic alloys. 9 Several soft magnetic thin films with the highest B s value of 24 kG have recently been prepared by using a dry sputtering process, e.g., NiFe/CoFe-N/NiFe trilayer film, 10-12 CoFe-O granular film, 13 and CoFe-Al-O granular film. 14,15 However, thin films containing only Co and Fe do not exhibit soft magnetic properties. 16 On the other hand, the technique of electrodeposition is useful as an industrial process, and write-head cores are now being fabricated by electrodeposition. Thus, electrodeposited soft magnetic thin films of CoFe binary alloy with the highest B s value of 24 kG are now in strong demand.We have succeeded in preparing soft magnetic materials of CoFe binary alloy film with B s ϭ 24 kG by electrodeposition. 17 The key requirement for obtaining the high B s CoFe material in this binary alloy system is the prevention of oxidation of ferrous ion, Fe 2ϩ , to ferric ion, Fe 3ϩ , in the plating bath. In this paper, we discuss this key issue in fabricating the soft magnetic material with B s ϭ 24 kG. ExperimentalBinary CoFe alloy films were electrodeposited using a rotating disk electrode ͑RDE͒ system, in which the anode was made for Pt and the electrodeposited substrate was removable to determine properties of the electrodeposited film. The thickness of the electrodeposited alloy films was about 0.7 m. The substrate was a circular glass plate with a diam of 10 mm, coated with sputtered NiCr ͑5 nm͒ and NiFe ͑100 nm͒ films, and a Cu foil with a diam of 10 mm and a thickness of 8 m. The plating bath composition and operating conditions are shown in Table...
Our recent randomized controlled trial (1)
BackgroundPlatforms for sharing genomic and phenotype data have been developed to promote genomic research, while maximizing the utility of existing datasets and minimizing the burden on participants. The value of genomic analysis of trios or family members has increased, especially in rare diseases and cancers. This article aims to argue the necessity of protection when sharing data from both patients and family members.Main textSharing patients’ and family members’ data collectively raises an ethical tension between the value of datasets and the rights of participants, and increases the risk of re-identification. However, current data-sharing policies have no specific safeguards or provisions for familial data sharing. A quantitative survey conducted on 10,881 general adults in Japan indicated that they expected stronger protection mechanisms when their family members’ clinical and/or genomic data were shared together, as compared to when only their data were shared. A framework that respects decision-making and the right of withdrawal of participants, including family members, along with ensuring usefulness and security of data is needed. To enable this, we propose recommendations on ancillary safeguards for familial data sharing according to the stakeholders, namely, initial researchers, genomic researchers, data submitters, database operators, institutional review boards, and the public and participants.ConclusionsFamilies have played significant roles in genetic research, and its value is re-illuminated in the era of genomic medicine. It is important to make progress in data sharing while simultaneously protecting the privacy and interests of patients and families, and return its benefits to them.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.