High-power white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated by combining blue LEDs and green (Ba,Sr)(2)SiO(4):Eu(2+) and red CaAlSiN(3):Eu(2+) phosphors with varying phosphor geometry. The white LED having separated the phosphor layer by the silicone gel layer between green and red phosphor layers shows superior optical properties. The luminous efficiency (eta(L)) is improved by a decrease of reabsorption of green light by red phosphor owing to a difference among refractive indices. The white LED shows very high eta(L) of 51 lm/W and a high color rendering index of 95 under 350 mA. In addition, improved luminous properties of the white LED including a separated phosphor layer are confirmed via ray-trace simulation.

Oryeongsan (ORS) which was first recorded in SangHanLoon, the classic of traditional Chinese medicine describing treatments of disordered body fluid balance. Renal hypertension is caused by renovascular dysfunction through an activation of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAS). The RAS is one of the most important regulators in maintenance of body fluid homeostasis and in long‐term regulation of blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to identify effects of ORS on regulation of renal function, change of blood pressure and RAS in the two‐kidney one‐clip (2K1C) renal hypertensive rats. Experiments were performed in four experimental groups: sham rats, 100 mg/kg/day ORS in sham rats, 2K1C rats and ORS in 2K1C rats, respectively. After 4 weeks of operation, sham and 2K1C rats were administered with vehicle or ORS for 3 weeks. Urinary volume, urinary excretion of Na+, K+, Cl−, osmolality and creatinine were measured. The 2K1C rats showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with sham rats. ORS treatment for 3 weeks markedly decreased the SBP in 2K1C rats. ORS significantly increased urinary volume, urinary excretion of electrolytes, and clearance of creatinine (CCr) in 2K1C rats. ORS significantly suppressed plasma level of PRA, Angiotensin II and aldosterone in 2K1C rats. Also, ORS suppressed the upregulated RAS components in the kidney from 2K1C rats. However, ORS increased plasma level of ANP in 2K1C rats. These findings suggest that ORS may elicit renal and vascular effects via two ways: directly and indirectly through activation of the ANP system and inhibition of the RAS.Support or Funding InformationThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

The leaves of lotus are called ‘Hayeob’ ( ), which is known to have the effect of extinguishing heat, smoothing water metabolism, clearing the blood, and releasing blood(1–2). This experimental study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Hayeobtan on lipid metabolism in high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD)‐induced hypertriglyceridemia(3–4). Sprague Dawley rats were fed the HFCD diet with/without fluvastatin (Flu, positive control) 3 mg/kg/day, and HYT 100 or 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. All groups received a regular diet or HF diet, respectively, for 13 weeks. The last three groups treatment of Flu and HYT 100, and HYT200 orally for 9 weeks. Treatment of HYT markedly attenuated plasma levels of triglycerides and augmented plasma levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in HFCD‐fed rats. HYT and Flu also led to an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in the HFCD group. On the other hand, HYT and Flu led to an decrease in fatty acid synthase and free fatty acid activity in the HFCD group. Treatment with HYT suppressed increased expressions of PPAR‐α and AMPK in HFCD rat liver or muscle. In addition, the HYT attenuated triglyceridemia by inhibition of PPAR‐γ and FABP protein expression levels and LXR and SREBP‐1 gene expression in liver or muscle. The HYT significantly prevented the development of the metabolic disturbances such as hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia. Taken together, the administration of HYT improves hypertriglyceridemia through the alteration in suppression of triglyceride synthesis and accentuated of triglyceride decomposition. These results suggested that HYT is useful in the prevention or treatment of hypertriglyceridemia‐related disorders such as triglyceride metabolism. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2017R1A5A2015805)(2019R1I1A3A01062432).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by long term high-fat and high-fructose diet has led to serious medical problems such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or cirrhosis. NAFLD has related to obesity, insulin resistance or type Ⅱ diabetes induced by western diet. With the increasing the incidence of obesity and NFALD due to western diet consisting of high-fat and high-fructose diets, research of the treatment or prevention of NFALD due to western diets is urgently needed. Atractylodes lancea (AL) is traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for diuretic, sedation or antibacterial effect. To investigate effect of AL on NAFLD rat model induced by high-fat and high fructose diet, present study was performed. To induce NAFLD, wistar rats, which were 9-weeks-old, were fed with 45 kcal% high fat diet and 10% fructose water daily for 16 weeks. The olmesartan and atractylodes lancea were treated by oral administration for 8 weeks every day. The groups were composed of 5 groups; control (CON, n=9) fed with 10 kcal% general diet, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group (NFD, n=9) induced by 45 kcal% high fat diet and 10% fructose diet, NFD group with 10 mg/kg/day Olmesartan orally (OLM, n=9), NFD group with 100 mg/kg/day AL (ALL, n=9) and NFD group with 200 mg/kg/day AL (ALH, n=9). AL decreased body weight, liver weight and epididymal fat pads weight compared with NFD group induced by high-fat and high fructose diet. In serum biomarkers, glucose level of plasma, triglyceride level and total cholesterol level in plasma were increased in NFD group compared with CON. AL restored the serum biomarkers including glucose, or triglycerides and total cholesterol level in serum. The plasma HDL-Cholesterol level, which was decreased in NFD group, attenuated by AL treatment. The atherogenic coeffient was upregulated by chronic high-fat and high-fructose diet, however, the atherogenic coeffient was significantly restored in AL treatment group. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were significantly deteriorated by long term high-fat and high-fructose diet. However, the GOT and GPT level in serum were alleviated in AL treatment groups. Oil red O staining showed that the lipid accumulation in the liver was increased in NFD group compared with CON. However, the lipid accumulation was restored by AL treatment groups. The fibrosis in liver was deteriorated in NFD induced by chronic high-fat and high fructose diet, however, the AL inhibited collagen deposition in liver. Also, AL suppressed the mRNA expressions of TGF-β, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in liver compared with NFD group. In liver tissue, the LXR and SREBP-1c mRNA expressions were downregulated in ALH group. Taken together, these results showed that AL could be potential supplements for NAFLD induced by long term high-fat and high-fructose diet by regulating fibrosis and LXR/SREBP-1c signaling pathway in liver. This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (2017R1A5A2015805) (2022R1A6A3A01087272). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.