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Figure 1 (A) Cumulative number of publications using the keyword COVID-19 on Medline and cumulative number of deaths worldwide plotted against the number of days since the first reported death. (B) Smoothened (non-parametric regression) growth rates of new deaths caused by COVID-19 and new publications on this topic. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Abdominal pain and liver injury have been frequently reported during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to investigate characteristics of abdominal pain in COVID-19 patients and their association with disease severity and liver injury.Data of all COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the first wave in one hospital were retrieved. Patients admitted exclusively for other pathologies and/or recovered from COVID-19, as well as pregnant women were excluded. Patients whose abdominal pain was related to alternative diagnosis were also excluded.Among the 1026 included patients, 200 (19.5%) exhibited spontaneous abdominal pain and 165 (16.2%) after abdomen palpation. Spontaneous pain was most frequently localized in the epigastric (42.7%) and right upper quadrant (25.5%) regions. Tenderness in the right upper region was associated with severe COVID-19 (hospital mortality and/or admission to intensive/intermediate care unit) with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.81 (95% CI 1.27–6.21, p = 0.010). Patients with history of lower abdomen pain experimented less frequently dyspnea compared to patients with history of upper abdominal pain (25.8 versus 63.0%, p < 0.001). Baseline transaminases elevation was associated with history of pain in epigastric and right upper region and AST elevation was strongly associated with severe COVID-19 with an odds ratio of 16.03 (95% CI 1.95–131.63 p = 0.010).More than one fifth of patients admitted for COVID-19 presented abdominal pain. Those with pain located in the upper abdomen were more at risk of dyspnea, demonstrated more altered transaminases, and presented a higher risk of adverse outcomes.

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Do we have to treat the obese male with testosterone ?Since a decade, we observe an expansion of the use of testosterone against different components of the metabolic syndrome in men. More particularly in the obese man, indications for the prescription of this hormone are not well defined because of the contradictory studies which do not allow the establishment of a clear consensus. This article proposes a diagnostic procedure for the detection of hypogonadism in obese men. It clarifies the indications of use of testosterone in this particular context but also the circumstances in which the specialist should be consulted.