Background: Determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED) is important for developing a phototherapy protocol and to diagnosis photosensitivity disorders. But obtaining a precise and reproducible MED is quite difficult because a phototest for erythema is based on subjective assessment. Objective: The objective of our study was to compare the gross interpretation of a phototest and the objective measurement using a spectrophotometer for determining the parameters of cutaneous narrow-band UVB (NBUVB) therapy. Methods: A total of 14 psoriasis and 10 vitiligo patients who receiving NBUVB phototherapy with skin types III and IV were selected for this study. To perform phototesting, ten sites on the skin of the back were vertically exposed to a series of 10 NBUVB doses among 14 doses between 340 and 1,400 mJ/cm 2 . We interpreted the gross findings of erythema and measured the L*a*b* values with using a spectrophotometer at each phototest spot and at the control skin. Also, we evaluate the relationship between the gross presentation and the spectrophotometric analysis by delta E for the assessment of the minimal perceptible erythema (MPE) and MED. Results: For all the subjects, the MEDs were measured in the 490∼1,000 mJ/cm 2 range. The average of the colorimetric values for the control skin were L*: 64.8, a*: 7.9 and b*: 19.8. Among them, the L* value and MED value were shown to be inversely correlated, and as the L* value was decreased, the MED was increased. For the MPE, the delta E, which was the color difference of the normal skin and the phototest area, was within the range of 1.5∼3.0 in 17 of the 21 patients, and 4 patients were within the range of 1.0∼1.5. For the MED, among the 21 patients, the delta E of 17 patients was within the range of 3.0∼6.0, and 4 patients were within the range of 6.0∼12.0. Conclusion: A spectrophotometer enables UV erythema to be assessed objectively and quantitatively, and this can compensate for the disadvantages of subjective gross interpretation when determining the MED. Delta E is a good novel and objective indicator for determining the MPE and MED. So, a spectrophotometer is a very useful instrument for developing a phototherapy protocol for psoriasis and other dermatoses and for making the diagnosis of photosensitivity disorders. (Ann Dermatol 21(2) 136∼141, 2009)

We investigated whether controlled dynamization enhanced regenerate bone healing in callotasis of the tibia in 12 adult mongrel dogs. An average of 2 cm (≒ 10%) lengthening was obtained. The left hindlimb was allowed dynamization of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm in magnitude when 1 cm (≒ 5%) of lengthening was achieved, whereas the right hindlimb was not dynamized and served as a control. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the regenerate bone was measured periodically until nine weeks after the end of distraction. After sacrifice, uniaxial compression testing was performed. Relative BMD ratio and mechanical properties of the regenerate bone were significantly higher in the dynamization group than in the nondynamization group; no significant difference was found among dynamization subgroups, however. We conclude that 1 mm to 3 mm of elastic dynamization accelerates regenerate bone healing in callotasis of the canine tibia.

Jen Rathlin, EIT, is the Clinic Engineer for the University of Waterloo Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Clinic. In this role, she develops, coordinates, and facilitates activities and initiatives to inspire better student learning through authentic experiences and integration of topics, courses, and programs. Prior to joining the MME Clinic, she has worked in areas including energy market modelling, quantum computing, and medical physics. She holds degrees from Queen's University (BASc Engineering Physics) and University of Waterloo (MSc Physics). Mr. Kyu Won Choi, University of WaterlooUndergraduate mechanical engineering student at the University of Waterloo.c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015Page 26.902.1 Implementation of a Case Study in an Engineering Science Course: A Pilot Project for Increasing Experiential LearningAbstract It is valuable for instructors to provide real-world connections in their curricula so that engineering students can appreciate and practice integration and application of knowledge. This is essential in both engineering science and design. A variety of mechanisms have been used to accomplish this, including guest speakers, field trips and company-sourced design projects.Another useful mechanism to achieve this objective is the case study.For this reason, a case study was developed for a second year mechanical engineering solid mechanics course which involved the redesign of a chassis for model fuel cell cars. Five handson activities were developed around this case study to give students an opportunity for practical problem solving and to integrate concepts learned throughout the course. The goal for using the open-ended case study was to connect engineering science analysis to a realistic engineering design, as well as foster experiential learning. This implementation acted as a pilot project as part of the university's long term goals to shift the mechanical engineering program towards this type of learning.The selection process for the fuel cell car case study is discussed with a focus on using design to improve engineering science courses. The course instructor provided their comments and observations, teaching strategy and learning outcomes. There were difficulties associated with setting up and coordinating all activities since this was a first-time implementation of the case study and the first use of any case study in this course. From this experience, recommendations for improvements are discussed, specifically regarding the hands-on activities, the enhancement of student experience, and creating cross-course connections in future implementations.

Editorial:This special issue features seven selected papers with high quality.The first article, "Mobile target positioning using refining distance measurements with inaccurate anchor nodes in chaintype wireless sensor networks" by Chengming Luo, Wei Li, Hai Yang, Mengbao Fan and Xuefeng Yang, As a class of long and narrow structures widely exist such as the river, road, mine tunnel, pipe, chain-type wireless sensor networks (CWSN) can be applied to monitor these environments. The accurate position estimation is a key technology for the mobile target in CWSN. This paper proposes an innovative positioning method to estimate the position of mobile target. Firstly, wireless signals can be affected by measurement noises, coordinate errors of anchor nodes, and chain scene structure. Kernel canonical correlation analysis is applied to analyze the correlation coefficients of these nonlinear wireless signal sets. Secondly, we search out two maximum correlative sets of wireless signals and integrate them into a set of optimal wireless signals. Thirdly, the uncertainty coordinate of anchor node is modeled and the position of mobile target is estimated under measurement and geometry constraints. Furthermore, we simulate the proposed method for mobile target, in comparison with the weighted least squares (WLS) and CHAN methods. Estimation results indicate that the proposed method can refine distance measurement accuracy and perform better positioning performance than WLS and CHAN methods, when we vary the conditions of TDOA/AOA measurement errors, anchor nodes coordinate errors, and anchor nodes spacing distance. Finally, the actual positioning experiments are implemented in a corridor, which show that the practical estimation results are similar to the simulation results.The second article, "Physical Memory Collection and Analysis in Smart Grid Embedded System" from Seokjun Lee and Taeshik Shon, Unlike the existing electric grid, the smart grid has a variety of functions that enable electric utility suppliers and consumers to perform dual exchanges of real-time information by adding IT technology. Therefore, the systems of smart grid suppliers and those of users are always connected through a network, which means that the systems related to the smart grid could become targets of malicious attackers. The various smart grid systems could have different hardware configuration from those of general systems, but their fundamental operating mechanism is the same as that of the general computer system. When a system is operating, its information and the data used by a program are loaded into the system's memory. In this paper, we studied the method of physical memory collection and analysis in smart grid embedded systems in order to help investigate crimes related to smart grid s. In addition, we verify the method studied in this paper through the collection and analysis of physical memory in the virtual Linux environment using a virtual machine.The third, "Behavior and Capability based Access Control Model for Personalized TeleH...