The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the outcome of paper patch myringoplasty for chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations and to explore the predictive factors for a successful closure. A retrospective study was performed in a tertiary referral center. Data of the patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed: the treatment outcomes and the potential predictive factors including age, sex, the affected ear, hearing level, duration of perforation, causes, location and size of perforations, relationship between the perforation border and the malleus, status of TM surface, and the number of patch applications. Complete closure was achieved in 27 of the total 43 subjects. Among the 11 clinical and TM factors, only the perforation size remained significant as the predictor after multivariable logistic regression (p = 0.029, OR 4.4). The patients with perforation ≤ 5% of the TM showed higher closure rate (78.3%) than those with perforation >5% (45.0%). In conclusion, paper patch myringoplasty showed overall success rate of 62.8%. In patients with perforations smaller than 5% of the TM, the closure rate was 78.3%. The predictor of the treatment outcome was the perforation size. We can try paper patch myringoplasty first in patients who had dry chronic perforations smaller than 5% of the TM without middle ear disease.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between nasal septal deviation (NSD) and the volume of mastoid air cell pneumatization and compare it with the volume of maxillary sinus in a pediatric population. MATERIALS and METHODS:This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a university-based, secondary referral hospital. Paranasal sinus CT imaging data of 59 children were reconstructed to the 3-dimensional model, and subsequently, we measured the volume of the maxillary sinus and mastoid air cell. On coronal images, nasal septal angle (NSA) and NSD/NC (nasal septal deviation/nasal cavity) ratio were measured. RESULTS:Mastoid air cell volume, as well as maxillary sinus volume, of the deviated side was smaller than that of the contralateral side, but these were not statistically significant. There was no correlation between NSA and volumes of mastoid air cell and the maxillary sinus. There also was no correlation between NSD/NC ratio and mastoid air cell and maxillary sinus volumes. Significant linear and growth regression was found between age and volume of the mastoid air cell and maxillary sinus but not between age and NSA and NSD/NC ratio. CONCLUSION:Mastoid air cell volume and maxillary sinus volume of the deviated side tended to be smaller than those of the contralateral side, which suggests that NSD can influence both aerations. However, because the degree of NSD did not correlate with the volumes of the mastoid air cell and maxillary sinus in this study, we should consider that further possible factors may be involved in both aerations.

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Objectives: To examine the association between sonographic fetal head position before labour induction and outcome of induction of labour, specifically left occipito-anterior (LOA) and occiput posterior (OP) fetal position and vaginal delivery within 24 hours. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study retrieved data from a computerized database for previous clinical trials using a prospectively determined method of induction. The study cohort consisted of 371 women with singleton pregnancies who were scheduled for induction of labour at ≥ 37 weeks. Immediately before induction, all women enrolled in this study underwent a transabdominal ultrasound to determine fetal occiput position. The clinical parameters studied were maternal age, height, weight, fetal gender, cervical length, Bishop score and birthweight. Primary outcome measure was vaginal delivery within 24 hours and secondary outcome included mode of delivery. Results: Successful vaginal delivery occurred in 310 of the 371 (83.5%) women and this was within 24 hours of induction in 253 (68.1%) women. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no evidence of difference in odds ratio (OR) of vaginal delivery within 24 hours for fetuses in the LOA position when compared with all other positions. Similarly, there is no evidence of the OP position being associated with vaginal delivery within 24 hours. However, logistic regression indicated that maternal weight, cervical length and Bishop score were independent predictors of vaginal delivery within 24 hours. In terms of the likelihood of Caesarean delivery as the outcome variable, very similar results of univariate and multivariate analyses were obtained. Conclusions: Our study showed that LOA and OP position before induction of labour do not appear to be associated with outcome of induction of labour. Therefore, in clinical practice, ultrasonography for assessing fetal position before induction has a limited value in predicting outcome of labour induction. Objectives:To evaluate whether measurement of cervical volume is helpful in predicting vaginal delivery in patients with labour induction. Methods:We studied retrospectively about pregnant women who were admitted for labour induction after 41 complete weeks of gestation from January 2012 to December 2013 in St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Exclusion criteria were multipara, premature rupture of membrane (PPROM), suspicious macrosomia, pregnancy with diseases affecting labour course (ex. gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, etc). 126 patients were enrolled. At admission for labour induction, we check cervical volume, cervical length and Bishop score. Vaginal delivery defined success of labour induction. Regardless of the type of labour induction, we compared the outcome between successful group (n = 88) and failed group (n = 38).