The article examines the sources of solid waste generation, their impact on the environment and human health. The morphological composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the factors influencing the dynamics of their change were analyzed. Based on the results of the study, the physical and thermal parameters of solid waste- ρ, φ were determined and the elemental composition and heat of combustion of solid waste were analyzed. It was found that the physical properties of MSW and the morphological composition of MSW depend on the seasons and other conditions. An energy balance diagram for heliothermal processing of solid household waste with different morphological compositions in a solar device for thermal treatment of solid waste was calculated and it was found that the share of solar energy for thermal processing of solid household waste was 78%. As a result of the thermal processing of organic compounds, which formed the morphological composition of the MSW, it was found that it is possible to obtain alternative fuels and produce thermal energy and electricity in the traditional way.

The authors of this work have proposed a combined solar heating unit for the heat and humidity treatment of greenhouse air supplies. The object of research is a combined solar collector for the simultaneous heating of water and air. The heat and humidity treatment of supply air is an energy-intensive technological process that requires a very large consumption of thermal energy and water resources. For the operation of such a system, electric heating installations are often used; however, these systems are not always available and economical. In this paper, to reduce the consumption of traditional energy for the heat treatment of the air supply, a combined solar collector is proposed, and the results of an experimental study of the operating modes of the installation in the conditions of the city of Karshi are presented. It has been developed combined solar collector, the temperature of the heat carriers at the outlet in the heating mode “water + air” reached up to 48 °C (air) and up to 60 °C (water), which are acceptable for air treatment systems of heat and humidity in greenhouses. As a result of the experimental studies, the high energy efficiency of the combined solar collector in the “water + air” heating mode is shown. It has been established that the efficiency of the installation is in the range of 0.45 - 0.69.

Выходные данные статьи и справка о публикации: в день оплаты статьи Рассылка печатных журналов и оттисков: 05.06.2021

The article presents the principle of the heliopyrolysis device with a solar concentrator and the temperature measurement scheme at the characteristic points of the reactor. Pyrolysis of organic waste was carried out according to the experimental method in laboratory conditions. Experiments were carried out on samples of organic waste (rubber, polyethylene film, plastic bottle) with an initial moisture content of 5÷20% and a size of 4÷6 mm. Based on the relationship between the amount of solar radiation and the ambient temperature for the city of Karshi (Uzbekistan), the experimental results of studying the temperatures inside the heliopyrolysis reactor when various organic wastes are loaded are presented. 0.25h according to the height of the reactor in the experiment; 0.35h; 0.25h; temperatures on the inner surface at distances of 0.15 h were recorded using the Mobile-CASSY 2 thermometer. It was determined that an average temperature of 350÷450 °C can be generated in the reactor of the experimental device. Experiments show that in the conditions of the city of Karshi, it is possible to create a mode of 300÷500°C sufficient for the pyrolysis of organic waste through a parabolic solar concentrator in the daytime mode.