Hemolytic-uremic syndrome includes a triad of symptoms: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Given the progressive course of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, up to the terminal stage of renal failure, it is necessary to search for early markers of renal tissue damage as prognostically significant factors in the development of nephrosclerosis, which is of particular importance in childhood to optimize the management of such patients. The analysis of the literature data demonstrates the actual role of serotonin and platelet-mediated effect of serotonin on fibroinflammatory processes in kidney vessels. Thus, changes in the serotonergic system in patients already at the onset of hemolytic-uremic syndrome are of great interest in order to develop new diagnostic approaches that allow optimizing early diagnosis and slowing down the progression of renal damage in this category of patients. These studies will expand knowledge about the role of the serotonergic system in the formation of chronic kidney disease in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a serious problem in pediatrics and pediatric nephrology. Given the progressive course of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome up to the terminal stage of renal failure, it is necessary to search for markers of damage to the renal tissue as prognostically significant factors in the development of nephrosclerosis. This is of particular importance in childhood to optimize the management of patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Disturbance of serotonin metabolism by damaged endothelial cells is associated with a progressive decline in kidney function and nephrosclerosis development, and is a predictor of an unfavorable development of chronic kidney disease. It has been established that the degree of kidney damage is demonstrated by indicators of the catecholamine metabolism activity and their ratio, reflecting a disturbance of the kidneys filtration capacity.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a serious problem in pediatrics and pediatric nephrology. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury with potential transformation into terminal chronic kidney disease. Currently, the endothelial dysfunction is strongly associated with changes in the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. There are few studies that have revealed an increase in the blood plasma serotonin concentration in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome, but its role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease has been insufficiently studied. The progressive course of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, up to the terminal stage of renal failure, requires the search for markers of renal tissue damage as prognostically significant factors for the development of nephrosclerosis, which is of particular importance for optimizing the management of such children.