Реферат. Развитие технологий выхаживания глубоконедоношенных детей привело к повышению выживаемости детей с очень низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела при рождении. Цель исследования-выявление особенностей психомоторного развития недоношенных детей на первом году жизни и разработка плана диспансеризации и реабилитации с целью улучшения неврологического и функционального исходов. Материал и методы. В данное исследование было включено 93 недоношенных ребенка с массой тела при рождении 1500 г и менее и со сроком гестации при рождении менее 32 нед, поступивших в отделение реанимации детской городской больницы № 17 г. Санкт-Петербурга. Результаты и их обсуждение. Все младенцы наблюдались до 2-летнего возраста, подвергаясь осмотру неонатолога и невролога ежемесячно. Была установлена связь неблагоприятного неврологического исхода с патологическими клинико-лабораторными состояниями острого периода: полиорганной недостаточностью, гипонатриемией, олигурией, некротическим энтероколитом, бронхолегочной дисплазией, сепсисом. Заключение. Выявлена значимость нутритивной терапии: раннее начало энтерального питания с адекватной и качественной нагрузкой всеми необходимыми ингредиентами улучшает неврологический прогноз. Разработана комплексная методика реабилитации средствами адаптивной физической культуры. Предложен план диспансеризации и реабилитации таких детей с целью улучшения неврологического и функционального исходов. Ключевые слова: недоношенные дети, психомоторное развитие.
This article is dedicated to analysis of clinical characteristics of children with different birth weight included in the multicenter cohort study of newborns. The study analyzed data 572 children who were stratified according to birth weight (normal, low, very low and extremely low body weight). As part of the protocol incorporating the patient’s visit was provided at the time of birth (visit 0), a retrospective collection of anamnestic data about the mother (Visit -1) and visit prospective study of children aged 12 months (Visit 1). As a result of the analysis, it was found that the increase in frequency of operative delivery, and reduction of Apgar score and the presence of the studied pathological conditions, to the greatest extent, common in children who had birth weight of less than 1500 in this case. The probability of a combination of 3 or more conditions (described in this paper), in the case of a child with an extremely low birth weight was higher in the 44-fold (OR = 44.52; CI95% 15,5-127,5), while when the newborn had very low birth weight - a chance of development was significantly higher only in the 7-fold (OR = 7.12; CI95% 2,4-20,9) compared with children who had a low birth weight. In this regard, there is a need not only to the use of modern technologies nursing of low birth weight infants, but also provide preventive care in a group of women with a high degree of perinatal risk and risk of preterm delivery, allowing prolong pregnancy up to 32 weeks and/or weight of the fruit body of more than 1000 g, which can improve the survival rates of patients and the prevention of premature severe disabling conditions in the future.
In recent decades, the problem of chorioamnionitis (CA) (or intra-amniotic infection) takes a leading place in modern obstetrics and perinatology. It is known that CA is one of the main risk factors for preterm birth and increases neonatal morbidity. Intraamniotic infection is a polyetiology condition. It is characterised by the variety of clinical manifestations absence of clearly association between the infection`s clinical signs in mother and infants injury. In present review we defined current data about chorioamnionitis, based on the last evidence of international scientific literature.
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