Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects a significant number of women, especially in working age. In an estimated 75% of women an episode of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis occurs during lifetime and another 5 -10% of women develop recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). This is mainly characterized by intense burning, itching, pain, abnormal discharge, dyspareunia. Immune response to candidiasis is both cellular (CMI) (natural protection mechanisms) and humoral (antibody production). Understanding the principles of immunity in candidiasis is also important for development of candida vaccines. CANDIVAC contains lyophilized Candida lysate (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata) together with immunostimulatory bacterial strain of Propionibacterium acnes. The product is taken orally in capsules for 10 days followed by a 20-day pause. It is administered for 3 to 6 months. The product has been tested in a total of 75 women at the age of 18 -45 years. In these women at least 4 episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis have been microscopically or laboratory diagnosed during the last 12 months. Following CANDIVAC administration, statistically significant changes occurred in the evaluation of subjective and some objective criteria. The most important marker of product efficiency is a significant reduction in recurrence compared to the recent state. This criterion has a fundamental importance in patient satisfaction. Before medication the patients suffered from at least 4 attacks, while after medication an attack occurred in only 31% of women and more than 2 attacks in only 3% of treated women. Compromised balance of immune system plays a major role in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Specific oral product CANDIVAC, prepared from the most common strains of yeast infections, supports immune mechanisms, ensuring resistance of the human organism against yeasts. Its administration significantly prolongs remission, leads to a reduction in application of antimycotics and also changes properties of cellular and humoral immunity in medicated patients.

The goal of this report is to analyse the incidence of genital tumours in cattle referred to the Clinic between 2016 and 2019 and to describe the outcome after the surgical tumour resection. All cattle with a confirmed diagnosis of a genital tumour (n = 3) were included in the study. The breed, age, tumour localisation and type of treatment were considered. Telephone interviews were used to ask owners about the integration of the cows into the herd after discharge, the survival, the reason for leaving the herd, wound complications and tumour recurrence. Three genital tumours including a vaginal fibrosarcoma, vaginal leiomyosarcoma and luteoma were diagnosed. A tumour recurrence or metastasis did not occur. In conclusion, the tumour resection was successful in all three cases. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical description of a cow with a luteoma.