Ectopic thyroid rarely occurs in the thoracic or abdominal cavity, especially in the lung. Here, we describe an intrapulmonary thyroid tissue case in bilateral lung lobes without thyroid malignant history, which was found during a routine physical examination. A 37-year-old Chinese female showed multiple pulmonary nodules appearing in bilateral lung lobes on a computed tomography (CT) scan during a routine medical examination. To rule out the possibility of lung metastasis from occult cancer, a percutaneous lung biopsy was performed on a larger nodule. Histopathological examination confirmed that the nodule was completely consistent with normal thyroid tissue, which prevented the patient from requiring any unnecessary treatment. During the patient's follow-up, there was no abnormal thyroid function, and there was no change in the size of the nodule in the lung during serial CT scan. Currently, there is no guidance or consensus on the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid with bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules due to its rarity in clinical practice. When such pulmonary nodules are encountered, very careful diagnosis and follow-up should be performed.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), unlike other head and neck cancers, is known for its propensity for distant metastases. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment because of this and the chemosensitivity of the tumour, but long‐term control is rare. The surgical management of pulmonary metastases of other extrathoracic malignancies prompted this review of surgical management of patients with NPC. Methods: Thirteen thoracotomies were performed in 12 patients with pulmonary metastases as the first and only site of relapse of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Postoperative chemotherapy was given in four patients, radiotherapy to the mediastinum in one patient and both chemotherapy and radiotherapy in two patients. The survival pattern of this group of 12 patients was compared with a historical control group consisting of 65 patients without surgical resection. Results: Lymph node involvement was documented in four patients during operation. Four patients relapsed after surgical resection, two of them were from the group of three patients with lymph node involvement. The site of subsequent relapse was the lung for three patients and the skeletal system for the fourth. The 2 year actuarial survival of the surgically resected group compared favourably with the historical control group (80% and 24.1 %, respectively; P= 0.0002 by Mantel‐Cox test). Conclusions: Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases from NPC seems to be a promising approach though the effect of case selection cannot be excluded and further studies are indicated. The importance of exploration and dissection of mediastinal nodes in the surgical management of pulmonary metastases from NPC was demonstrated.

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