Artificial intelligence (AI) provides opportunities to improve the effectiveness of e‐learning by increasing students' engagement. Adaptive e‐learning uses AI to support individual learners by responding to their different learning needs which can be determined by analyzing their navigation history of e‐learning systems using data mining methods. Educational data mining (EDM) discovers new patterns of learning and teaching to facilitate the process of decision‐making to serve education improvement. Gamification is another way of increasing students' engagement by using game elements in a nongame context. In this paper, the gamification technique and EDM methods were used in combination with adaptive learning to increase the students' engagement and learning performance. An adaptive gamified learning system (AGLS) was developed which combines gamification, classification, and adaptation techniques to increase the effectiveness of e‐learning. This paper studies the impact of gamification and adaptive gamification on the effectiveness of e‐learning through increasing students' engagement and learning performance. AGLS was applied to the data structure course. Results showed that adaptive gamification has a positive effect on students' engagement and learning performance compared to just gamification.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of a virtual gallery as a substitute for the Saudi Arabian schools of higher education in Arts, Design & Architecture which frequently organise exhibitions. Virtual galleries provide new opportunities for architects, designers, artists and experts of other disciplines to lay foundation for new social networks. These networks may establish interdisciplinary knowledge collaborations beyond global geographical barriers. Additionally, it will be an excellent opportunity for students at Saudi Arabian universities to lower the cultural barriers that separate male and female students. Virtual galleries can enrich students' learning, enhance professional skills and also offer savings in term of practical costs (time, money and efforts) required to visit physical exhibitions.

Abstract-Spatial visualization skills are crucial in engineering fields and are required to support the spatial abilities of engineering students. Instructors in engineering colleges indicated that freshmen students faced difficulties when visualizing models in engineering graphics. Students cannot correctly understand and process visual object and mental images of the engineering models. Traditional tools using textbooks, physical models, and modeling techniques is not sufficient for improving the spatial visualization skills of engineering students. This paper is a survey of all techniques used to learn freshmen students in engineering graphics and improve their spatial visualization skills. Also, it presents the method of evaluation the spatial visualization skills. After describing techniques and presented the literature review, this work presents a comparison between methodologies and techniques used in previous studies. Finally, we summarize a road of the map for the techniques and strategies to improve the spatial visualization skills for freshmen engineering students.