HIV infection was strongly associated with syphilis in this study. High-risk behavior reported by both cases and control subjects indicates the potential for increased HIV transmission.

The response to Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine (titer, 5.4 log10 pfu) was evaluated among children in a study of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Kinshasa. Acute postvaccination adverse events were monitored for 49 HIV-infected and 376 non-HIV-infected infants, and measles antibody responses were assessed by ELISA for 34 HIV-infected and 255 non-HIV-infected infants. There was no increase in the incidence of common symptoms 7-10 days after vaccination. HIV-infected infants were more likely to have detectable prevaccination measles antibody, and seroconversion after vaccination was somewhat lower in HIV-infected (76.5%) than non-HIV-infected infants (85.5%). Seroconversion rates did not differ among children with or without rhinitis or fever at vaccination. High-titer Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine given at 6 months of age has the potential to provide earlier protection against measles; however, this vaccine is no longer recommended for routine use, and two doses of standard-titer vaccines remains the preferred option for measles vaccination of HIV-infected infants.

No abstract

OBJECTIVES. During an epidemic of measles among preschool children in New York City, an investigation was conducted in 12 city hospitals to estimate reporting efficiency of measles to the New York City Department of Health. METHODS. Measles cases were identified by review of hospital emergency room and infection control logs and health department surveillance records. The Chandra Sekar Deming method was used (1) to estimate the total number of measles cases in persons less than 19 years old who presented to the 12 hospitals from January through March 1991 and (2) to estimate reporting efficiency. Information on mechanisms for reporting measles cases was collected from hospital infection control coordinators. RESULTS. The Chandra Sekar Deming method estimated that 1487 persons with measles presented to the 12 hospitals during the study period. The overall reporting efficiency was 45% (range = 19% to 83%). All 12 hospitals had passive surveillance for measles; 2 also had an active component. These 2 hospitals had the first and third highest measles reporting efficiencies. CONCLUSIONS. The reporting efficiency of measles cases by New York City hospitals to the health department was low, indicating that the magnitude of the outbreak was substantially greater than suggested by the number of reported cases.

(Am J Public Health 1987; 77:866-868.)