While machining width is an important factor of the machining time of freeform surface finishing operations, in reality the kinematic capability of the machine tool is usually the bottleneck of achieving higher feed speed and optimal machining time. The purpose of this paper is to conveniently (and approximately) determine the optimal cut direction considering the speed kinematic capability of the machine tool, without having to compute the actual tool path. We propose a mathematical instrument, called Machine Kinematic Metric (MKM), to easily evaluate infinitesimal machining time on a freeform surface based on machine kinematic consideration. It's a tensor field similar to the metric tensor in differential geometry. MKM is integrated over the part surface to approximate the cut-direction-dependent total machining time, and used to determine the optimal cut direction that minimizes the machining time. To validate the accuracy of the prediction using MKM, we apply the method and compute the machining time at every direction with one degree apart and derive the optimal cut-direction. The computation is performed on two examples: a simple freeform surface and a complex die face model. We then use a commercial CNC emulator software from Huazhong CNC to precisely simulate the machining time in distributed cut directions (five degree apart) for the two models. We find that the optimal cut direction determined from CNC simulation is consistent with the prediction from the proposed method. It validates that the proposed method is a convenient and economical tool to approximately determine the optimal cut direction based on machine speed kinematic capability.

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A new technique to estimate the shape attribute of plutonium assembliesusing the Nuclear Materials Identification System (NMIS) is described. The proposed method possessesa number of advantages. It is passive no externai radiation source is required to estimate the shape of plutonium assemblies. Insteadj inherent gamma and neutron emissionsfrom spontaneousfissionof% and subsequentinducedfissionof'% are detectedto estimate the shaps attribute. The techniqueis also stationaqc shapeis estimatedwithout scanning the assemblyby moving the detectors relative to ,Iheassembly. The proposedmethod measures third order correlationsbetweentriplets of gammaheutron-sensitive detectors. The real coincidenceof a pair of gammas is used as a "trigger" to approximatelyidenti& the time of a spontaneousor inducedfission event. The spatial location of this fission event is inferred from the real coincidenceof a subsequent neutron with the initial pair of correlated gammas by using the neutron's time-of-flight (approximatelythe delay betweenthe gamma pair and the neutron) and the fission neutron spectraof% and '%. The spatial distribution of fission sites and hence the approximate shape of the plutonium assemblyis thereby inferred by measuring the distribution of a large number of these correlatedtriplets. Proof-of-principlemeasurementswereperformedusing '~f as a surrogatefor % to demonstratethat the technique is feasible.For the simpleshapesapproximatedwith %f sources,themeasurementsshowedthat theproposedmethod is capableof correctlyidentifyingthe shape and accuratelyestimating its size to within a fewpercent of actual.

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