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A 28 GHz two stage low noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed with envelope detection technique for power reduction (21.62%) and tunable negative feedback capacitor for gain variation in 40 nm CMOS technology. The envelope detection circuit turn‐on the second half of the LNA by the RF signal input received at the first stage. The default gain is increased (31.53%) by the tunable negative feedback capacitor circuit of the LNA with the control voltage from 0 to 1 V. In addition, 6.22 GHz of bandwidth is achieved with the tunable gain from 20.3 dB to 26.7 dB. The first stage of the LNA is designed with the inductive source degeneration for the noise reduction, and the multiple‐gate topology is involved in the second stage to improve the linearity. The third‐order input intercept point and the noise figure of the LNA are −7 dBm and 2.86 dB, respectively. When the second stage is turned‐on and turned‐off the LNA consumes 7.4 mW and 5.8 mW of power, respectively, from the 1 V supply. The proposed LNA requires 0.19 mm2 of core area. The performance of the LNA under process corner variation and temperature variation are analyzed.

Detection of abnormal events in a traffic scene is a highly challenging task due to vast field of view, continuous stream of video data, various object interactions and complex events in Video Surveillance. Hence, this research proposes novel schemes using machine learning approach to detect abnormal events such as illegal U-turn, presence of pedestrian in driving region, wrong side driving and frequent lane change. Recently, Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) is a popular method that has been used for clustering the trajectory datasets. The existing Density Based Clustering approach used for Abnormal detection in traffic scene uses random selection of cluster radius (Eps) and minimum points (minpts) needed to form a cluster. This random selection is time consuming and inefficient clustering results in accuracy reduction in abnormal detection. So, Adaptive Density based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (ADBSCAN) is proposed for the detection of abnormal events based on spatial temporal information relating to individual objects which determines the optimal values for the cluster radius (Eps) using the slope calculation of the K-d plot. Gaussion Mixture Model (GMM) is used for obtaining the moving foreground regions and region-based tracking is used for the identification of the objects in successive frames. The centroid of the region is calculated using image moments. If there is an occlusion between the vehicles then vehicle identification number (Id no) is used to differentiate them. The main advantage in this technique is clustering/labelling the normal pattern without the help of manual intervention. The effectiveness of ADBSCAN is experimentally evaluated using a real time benchmark video traffic dataset and it found that it gives better accuracy in detecting anomalies than the state-of-the-art techniques.

This paper presents a Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), a viable waveform candidate for fifth generation (5G) communications using Staggered-Modulated Multitone (SMT). FBMC is preferred in optical communication because of its ability to work without Cyclic Prefix (CP). In any case, the operation of FBMC in optical access systems with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has not been broadly explored either downstream or upstream. This work presents an advanced Nonlinear Feed-Forward Equalizer (NFFE) that makes use of multilayer ANN for dispersion compensation. ANN is trained to act as a filter with an extensive equalizer training which has the ability to mitigate dispersion and increase the performance of the system. The simulation work is used to study the performance of intensity modulated FBMC system with direct detection in Long Reach-Passive Optical Networks (LR-PONs).The transmission data rate is varied between 8 and 10[Formula: see text]Gbps with the optical fiber length from 30 to 90[Formula: see text]km of Standard Single Mode Fiber (SSMF). The obtained result suggests that FBMC system with ANN-NFFE equalizer fundamentally builds the resilience to the Chromatic Dispersion (CD) distortion, and a CP-less transmission is possible upto 90[Formula: see text]km.