Researches were carried out on estimation cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein breeds by the method of linear classification in the herd of pedigree farm LLC "Vladana" in Sumy region. When comparing cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy with Holstein, the improving influence sires of Holstein breed on the development of conformation of cows in the herd according to indicators of the linear assessment by 100-point system was found. The difference was based on the group traits of dairy type 1,1 score, legs – 1,3, udder – 1,6 and final score – 1,2. In all comparisons, the difference was highly reliable at P < 0.001. By descriptive traits improvement with a significant difference were observed in height (by 0,3 scores; P < 0,05), body depth (by 0,3 scores; P < 0,05), rump width (by 0,6 scores; P < 0,001), angle of pelvic limbs (by 0,4 scores, P < 0,001), foot angle (by 0,9 scores, P < 0,001), front udder attachment (by 0,4 scores, P < 0,001), central ligament (by 0,8 scores; P < 0,001), udder depth (by 0,9 scores; P < 0,001) and teats length (by 0,3 scores; P < 0.01). Animals of Holstein breed compared to Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy became more narrow-chested (by 0,7 scores; P < 0,001). The identified relationships between linear traits and value of milk yield of first-born cows in the controlled herd were determined the existence of a reliable correlation between estimation both for individual complexes of conformation traits and overall assessment by 100-point classification system (r = 0,198–0,464; P < 0,001). Positive and reliable correlation with milk yield was observed by a number of descriptive traits: height (r = 0,359), body depth (r = 0,384), angularity (r = 0,474), rump width (r = 0,311), posture of pelvic limbs (r = 0,361), foot angle (r = 0,273), front (r = 0,355) and rear udder attachment (r = 0,330), central ligament (r = 0,311), locomotion (r = 0,305). Body condition score was correlated negatively (r = -0,168). Thus, the determined correlations between linear traits of the conformation and milk yield for lactation have been indicated the reliability of selection of cows by conformation type, simultaneously improving milk production. The using sires of Holstein breed during absorbed crossing with Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed have been improved linear traits of the conformation type in their offspring. Positive relationship between group and main descriptive linear traits characterizing conformation, and value of milk yield would be facilitated by efficient indirect selection based on the type and productivity.

Sires breeding value determination was based on classification daughters at the age of first lactation, studies related to the breeding and genetic aspects of line scoring were limited to animals array scoring at the same age. Considering indisputable importance of linear estimation, existing correlative variability between individual descriptive and complex traits growth with dairy productivity and age-related variability in body parts of conformation development, a study was carried out of evaluation influence level of traits linear classification at the age of first lactation on cow milk productivity of subsequent second and third lactations. While maintaining a positive correlation in further use of cows, reliability of linear estimation by type was confirmed. Studies conducted on the livestock of Ukrainian Black-and- Red-and-White dairy breeds showed positive correlations between evaluation conformation traits and cow milk yield with variability in their direction, degree and reliability, depending on the recorded lactations. First of all, at the age of first lactation, positive correlation coefficients were determined between conformation traits and milk yield amount of cows, which were a significant confirmation of this breeding event use as one of components in the comprehensive determination of dairy cattle breeding value in the world. Next important element in the aspect of correlative variability conformation traits of linear estimation with productivity was the establishment of sufficiently high correlation coefficients between evaluation four complexes of linear traits by 100-score system with milk yield for first lactation within experimental dairy breeds. Positive relationship was, within group traits framework, by estimation of first lactation and milk yield of Ukrainian Black-and- Red-and-White dairy breeds for: dairy type (r=0.502 and 0.447), body (r=0.385 and 0.309), limbs (r=0.129 and 0.154), udder (r=0.404 and 0.383), respectively. Examining the question of whether existing relationship between assessment of group traits of conformation and milk yield amount of cows obtained at the age of first lactation, and between these traits and milk yield for subsequent lactations is preserved, it was found that within compared animals groups of both breeds, separate correlation coefficients received at the age of first lactation, repeated in the second with less force, but at sufficient reliability level. Correlation between indicators of linear estimation group traits of first-calf cows and milk yield for third lactation didn’t repeat level of similar relationships obtained at the age of first and second calving, although a certain pattern of their direction was followed with confirmation reliability of different level. Significant part of descriptive traits of the conformation was associated with milk yield amount for first lactation, as evidenced by reliable correlation coefficients. But they decrease with age, and by data of third lactation such relationship was almost absent. Descriptive traits of conformation, correlated with milk yield at the age of first lactation and repeating these relationships with yield at the second and third, belonged to the traits of dairy-type animals were reliable indicators of cow milking. They included: height, chest width, body depth, angularity, rear width, pelvic limb posture, fore udder attachment, rear udder attachment height and central ligament. Thus, reliable level of positive correlation established between estimation of group traits of linear classification at the age of first lactation and milk yield for the next second and third lactation testified about effectiveness of dairy cattle selection, evaluated by conformation type. Level of correlative variability a part of descriptive traits of the conformation with milk yield of first-calf cows will not be repeated in combination indicators of the same estimation with yield at the age of second and third lactations, which was explained by natural unevenness of age-related variability in body type parts development under genotypic and paratypic factors influence.

Microsatellites – a separate class of molecular genetic markers, are widely used for the study of genetic variability, in particular in populations of animals bred by artificial selection under the influence of microevolutionary processes. The object of study is the gene pool of a population of animals of the Lebedyn cattle breed, which is under threat of extinction. The sample comprised 30 individuals from the farm "Komyshans'ke" in Sumy region. The analysis of population genetic structure was performed using 10 microsatellite loci recommended by FAO-ISAG: ETH225, BM2113, ETH3, BM1818, BM1824, ILSTS006, INRA023, TAGLA053, TAGLA12, ETH10. Amplification products were separated in polyacrylamide gels of different concentrations (5–8%), both native and denaturing. All studied loci were polymorphic. The number of detected alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 8 (on average 5 alleles per locus), the size of which ranged from 115 bp (ETH3) to 307 bp (ILSTS006). The majority of the investigated loci (except ETH3) belonged to valuable informative markers (PIC > 0.5). The most polymorphic TGLA053 (8 alleles), BM2113 (6) and ETH3 (6) loci have been identified. In general, the minimum number of alleles (4) was fixed in 50% loci. The main population genetic parameters for the studied loci have been calculated. The highest values of heterozygosity (He), and effective number of alleles (ne) was characterized for loci BM2113, ILSTS006, TGLA053 and ETH225. With the exception of ETH3 and VM1818 loci, the experimental group of animals is in a state of genetic equilibrium. The average value of the Wright fixation index indicates a tendency to increase in the number of homozygous individuals (inbreeding). Comparative analysis of genetic structure of breeds that have a common origin (Lebedyn (PJSC "Mykhaylivka"), Ukrainian grey (DPDG "Polyvanivka"), Red steppe (DPPR "Stepne"), etc.) has been carried out. The obtained results give grounds to assert that in the experimental population of the Lebedyn breed there are processes that lead to a decrease in genetic diversity. In order to overcome the negative effects of artificial reproduction in the gene pool of small populations of cattle, which include Lebedyn cattle, it is appropriate to use microsatellite markers in the selection and breeding work.

В статті вивчалась продуктивність поросят на дорощувані залежно від типу підлоги у різні пори року. Встановлено, що поросята, які утримувались на більш комфортній полімерній підлозі, щодоби споживали більше на 13,8% комбікорму взимку, на 12,0% навесні, на 8,2% влітку та на 7,7% восени. При великогруповому утриманні поросят в станках з частково щілинною полімерною підлогою спостерігались вищі абсолютні прирости взимку – на 18,5%, навесні – на 10,5%, влітку – на 11,0% та восени –  на 15,5%%. Більш комфортні умови утримання поросят в станках з полімерною підлогою за рахунок вищої інтенсивності росту поросят сприяли зменшенню витрат кормів на одиницю приросту, взимку – на 4,6%, навесні – на 3,5%, влітку – на 3,1% та восени – на 3,9%. Інтенсивність росту поросят в період їхнього дорощування, в усі пори року, була вищою у станках з полімерною ґратчастою підлогою порівняно з тваринами, які вирощувались у цей період на бетонній ґратчастій підлозі. В осінньо-зимовий період різниця за інтенсивністю росту поросят при альтернативних типах підлоги зростала, та зменшувалась у весняно-літній період року. Конверсія корму впродовж року більше залежала від пори року, ніж від типу решітчастої підлоги у станку. Збереженість поросят суттєво залежала від типу підлоги і мала значні коливання впродовж року в станках з бетонною решітчастою підлогою, і частка поросят, які загинули в усі пори року також була вищою у цих станках. На основні господарськи корисні ознаки, найвищий вплив чинить тип ґратчастої підлоги в станку для дорощування поросят, дещо менший – пора року і найменший, їхня взаємодія. На основі досліджень встановлено недоцільність заміни в станках для дорощування поросят полімерної підлоги на бетонну.

МІНЛИВІСТЬ ОЗНАК ДОВГОЛІТТЯ КОРІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЧОРНО-РЯБОЇМОЛОЧНОЇ ПОРОДИ ЗА РІЗНИХ ВАРІАНТІВ ПІДБОРУ Л. М. ХМЕЛЬНИЧИЙ, А. В. ЛОБОДА Сумський національний аграрний університет (Суми, Україна) kafedra_selekcii_btf@ukr.net У стаді корів з розведення сумського внутрішньопородного типу української чорно-рябої молочної породи проведено дослідження з оцінки ефективності селекції за ознаками довголіття в залежності від внутрішньолінійного та міжлінійного підбору. Виявлені та підтверджені статистично закономірності впливу на рівень розвитку ознак тривалості використання та довічної продуктивності як за внутрішньолінійного розведення, так і кросу ліній. Ключові слова: українська чорно-ряба молочна порода, тривалість використання, довічна продуктивність, лінія, підбір VARIABILITY OF LONGEVITY TRAITS OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED IN VARIOUS VARIANTS OF SELECTION L. M. Khmelnychyi, A. V. LobodaSumskiy national agrarian university (Sumy, Ukraine) In the herd of cows, breeding Sumy intra-breed type Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of selection on the grounds of longevity, depending on the intra-and inter-linear selection. Statistically regularities of influence on the level of development of traits of duration of use and lifetime productivity, both at intra-linear breeding, and a cross of lines are revealed and confirmed. Keywords: Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, duration of use, lifetime productivity, line, selection ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ПРИЗНАКОВ ДОЛГОЛЕТИЯ КОРОВ УКРАИНСКОЙ ЧЕРНО-ПЕ-СТРОЙ МОЛОЧНОЙ ПОРОДЫ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВАРИАНТАХ ПОДБОРА Л. М. Хмельничий, А. В. Лобода Сумской национальный аграрный университет (Сумы, Украина) В стаде коров по разведению сумского внутрипородного типа украинской черно-пестрой молочной породы проведено исследование по оценке эффективности селекции по признакам долголетия в зависимости от внутрилинейного и межлинейного подбора. Выявлены и подтверждены статистические закономерности влияния на уровень развития признаков продолжительности использования и пожизненной продуктивности, как при внутрилинейном разведении, так и кроссе линий. Ключевые слова: украинская черно-пестрая молочная порода, продолжительность использования, пожизненная продуктивность, линия, подбор Актуальність проблеми. В сучасних умовах інтенсивного ведення молочного скотарства найпершим та найважливішим завданням є забезпечення високого рівня продуктивності корів з одночасним довготривалим їхнім використанням. Показники довголіття залежать від багатьох спадкових чинників: породи, методів розведення, підбору, частки спадковості поліпшувальної породи тощо [4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 19, 20, 21]. Оскільки зростання молочної продуктив-