Crop diversification is considered a significant component for achieving higher output growth, higher farm income, employment generation, sustainability of natural resources and poverty alleviation. Understanding the pattern of crop diversification is important for improving agricultural production and for the well being of farmers. This paper analyses the pattern of crop diversification in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. A non -experimental research design was used for this study. A sample size of 120 respondents was fixed for the study using proportionate random sampling technique. It was found that the cropping pattern of crop diversification in the district has slightly been changed and had increased in two decades. It was also found that there was only slight variation in the categories of crop diversification index among the respondents from the years of 2007-2008 to 2017-2018. Significant steps have to be taken to improve the crop diversification among the farmers.

Market intelligence is a method of foreseeing what will occur in the near future. We must proceed from market data to information, and finally to market intelligence, in order to complete this process. This study attempted to develop a scale for measuring the knowledge level of farmers on market intelligence. Relevant items were gathered that covered all aspects of farmer’s market intelligence in agriculture. Thirty items were initially selected for this study and administered to 42 non-sample respondents. All of the items have been subjected to item analysis. The current study found that 12 items were chosen for the test administration based on the difficulty index, discrimination index, and point-biserial correlation. This test was found to be both valid and highly reliable (0.65). This may be used by social science researchers to assess farmers' expertise in market information as well as market intelligence.

Online learning was adopted by all the educational institutions worldwide due to the outburst of COVID-19 pandemic. It has wreaked havoc on numerous areas of the economy, and the education sector is no exception. The lockdown imposed by the Union and State Governments to stem the spread of the virus and mitigate its effects has taken the academic community by surprise. University Grants Commission (UGC) insisted Higher Educational Institutes to take online learning during lockdown period. This study was aimed to enumerate the constraints confronted by students and teachers participated in online education. The study was conducted among 275 Undergraduate students and 150 teachers in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Constraints were collected in the form of open ended responses and tabulated in to different dimensions based on multiple responses. The constraints from students has been enlisted into six dimensions namely technical constraints, institutional constraints, socio-emotional constraints, health constraints, learning constraints and environmental constraints. The constraints from teachers have been enlisted into five dimensions namely teaching constraints, monitoring constraints, evaluation constraints, socio-emotional constraints and learner constraints. Necessary steps need to be taken to improve the quality of online learning in case of pandemic situation in future scenario.

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Agriculture continues to be the most predominant sector of the state economy, as 70 percent of the population is engaged in Agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. The State has an area of 1.3 Lakh sq.km with a gross cropped area of around 63 Lakh Ha. Constraints always play a significant role and it hinders the farmers from practicing crop diversification. The present study was conducted in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, which aimed to collect the constraints encountered by the farmers practicing crop diversification and suitable strategies to overcome from it. Middle men intervention is the major constraint encountered by the farmers and they all suggested that providing Minimum Support Price to agricultural commodities will serve as a viable strategy to improve crop diversification. Objectives • To find out the constraints associated with crop diversification. • To suggest a suitable strategy for better crop diversification.