Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine administered concomitantly with other paediatric vaccines in toddlers: a phase III randomised study. Epidemiology and Infection 149, e90, 1-10.

Relevance. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has high morbidity and mortality, with infants and young children among those at greatest risk.Materials & Methods. A phase III, open-­label, randomized study in toddlers aged 12–23 months evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of MenACYW­TT, a tetanus toxoid conjugated vaccine against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y, when coadministered with paediatric vaccines (measles, mumps and rubella [MMR]; varicella [V] in South Korea and Thailand; 6­in­1 combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b [DTaP­IPVHepB­Hib] in Mexico and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV13]) in the Russian Federation (NCT03205371). This manuscript reports the outcome of the part of the study conducted in the Russian Federation using PCV13 as the co­administered vaccine. Immunogenicity to each meningococcal serogroup was assessed by serum bactericidal antibody assay using human complement (hSBA) and, for a subset of subjects, baby rabbit complement (rSBA). Vaccine safety profiles were described up to 30 days postvaccination.Results. A total of 1,183 participants were enrolled in the study, out of which 400 were from the Russian Federation. The proportion with seroprotection (hSBA ≥1:8) to each meningococcal serogroup at Day 30 was comparable between the MenACYW­-TT and MenACYW-­TT + PCV13 groups (≥91% and ≥84%, respectively). The safety profiles of MenACYW­-TT and PCV13, when given alone or concomitantly, were generally comparable.Conclusion. Coadministration of MenACYW­-TT with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in toddlers had no clinically relevant effect on the immunogenicity and safety of any of the vaccines.

Food allergy (FA) is an important health problem. Every child faces with food allergens since birth and continues to meet them while growing up. Many foods do not affect the health during childhood, but they may provoke the development of sensitisation in older ages. The objective of this research was to study the characteristics of sensitisation to vegetables allergens in children depending on their ages.patients and methods:The study included 682 children with FA. Among them there was evaluated the prevalence of sensitisation to most commonly used vegetables (potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, beets, squash, cabbage), and banana. All children were divided into groups according to age: 2–5 months, 6–18 months, 1.5–4 years, 4–10 years, 10 years and older. Sensitisation was assessed by the level of specific IgE antibodies.ResultsThere were detected the obvious age dynamics of the number of IgE-positive responses. In the first six months of a child’s life the most frequent sensitisation among the studied allergens was caused by potato (14%), while the response to other allergens was found not more than in 5% of children. In later life potato still have an importance as a sensitising agent, but the prevalence of a positive response slightly varies in different age ranges and remain within 18%–24%. The maximum prevalence detected until 1.5 years and then it gradually decreases to 18%.There is a difference between potato and the other studied allergens sensitisation (banana, carrots, tomatoes, beets, squash, cabbage). There was steady increase of the number of sensitised patients since the introduction of these foods in the ration and during subsequent life. The leading role in the structure of the sensitisation belongs to carrot; the prevalence of this sensitisation progressively increases in children after one year of life (from 5% to 47%). There were similar trends for the banana and tomato allergens: sensitisation observed in 5% and 1% of children in the first six months of life, and then 37% and 30% of children in 10 years are sensitised respectively.A less pronounced increase in the frequency of sensitisation were revealed in relation to pumpkin, beets and cabbage allergens. So children in first half of life had IgE-antibodies in 1%–3% of cases, and 15%–21% of children by the age of 10 years were sensitised to those allergens. It should be noted a marked association between the frequency of patients sensitisation to allergens of banana, carrots, tomatoes, and pumpkins, beets, cabbage, and broccoli and the patient‘s age periods was observedSensitisation to the potato prevails in children the first year of life. Sensitisation to banana take a prominent place in children aged 1.5–4 years. Children of 4–10 years old in equal number of cases have a positive response to the potatoes and carrots allergens, but the leading trigger of IgE-mediated allergy among the vegetables in children of over 10 years becomes the carrot.Change of the leading trigger factors and increasing of positive responses to the carrot, tomato, banana a...

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