The aim of this investigation was to define the volume and area of the airway in subjects with Class II and Class III skeletal deformity. A cross-sectional study was designed including subjects with facial deformity defined by Steiner's analysis in subjects with indication of orthognathic surgery who presented diagnosis by cone beam computerised tomography. We determined the measurements of maximum area, minimum area and volume of the airway. The data were compared using Spearman's test, with statistical significance defined as p<0.05. 115 subjects were included: 61.7 % Class II and 38.3 % Class III, mean age 27.8 years (± 11.6). A significant difference was observed in the area and volume measurements in the groups studied, with significantly smaller measurements found in Class II (p=0.034). The minimum area was 10.4 mm2 smaller in Class II patients than in Class III, while the general volume of the airway was 4.1 mm3 smaller in Class II than in Class III. We may conclude that Class II subjects present a smaller airway volume than Class III subjects.

The aim of this study was to analyze nose shape and size in subjects with sagittal facial deformities.Methods: One hundred fifteen subjects were included for orthognathic surgery; the previous cone bean computed tomography was used to perform the analysis. The sample consisted of 46 males (40%) and 69 females (60%); the nasal morphology in frontal view and profile, the deviation of the nasal septum, the skeletal class and the sagittal position of the maxilla were compared using the Spearman test, considering a P value < 0.05.Results: Males had a greater vertical nasal skeletal measurement (P = 0.0006), greater cartilaginous nasal height ( P = 0.0001) and greater horizontal distance between the A point and Prn (P = 0.001). Considering the sagittal position of the maxilla, subjects with maxillary prognathism had a higher nasal morphology value than subjects with a retrognathic maxilla. In addition, nasal septum deviation was statistically related to facial class II (P = 0.03) with significantly more deviation than class III subjects. Conclusion:It may be concluded that there are variables in facial deformities related to nose shape and have to be included in the surgical plan for orthognathic surgery or rhinoplasty.

The aim of this research was to analyze the morphology of the nasal septum and inferior nasal concha bone in class III facial deformities prior to orthodontic treatment in orthognathic surgery candidates. 40 subjects were included in this research. The inclusion criteria were an Angle class III, negative overjet and SNA angle less than 80º. Patients with facial asymmetry, facial trauma or who had undergone maxillofacial or ENT procedures were excluded. CBCT images were obtained for all the patients and the nasal septum deviation, morphology of inferior nasal concha bone and ostium of the maxillary sinus were analyzed and related to the complexity of the facial deformity expressed by the ANB angle and dental relations. The measurement was standardized by ICC and the data was analyzed using a chi square test and Spearman's coefficient with a p value < 0.005 for statistical significance. Nasal septal deviation was observed in 77.5 %. The deviation angle was 13.28º (±4.68º) and the distance from the midline to the most deviated septum was 5.56 mm (±1.8 mm) with no statistical relation to the complexity of the facial deformity. The deviated nasal septum showed inferior nasal concha bone hypertrophy on the concave side of the nasal septum deviation (p=0.049). The open or closed condition of the maxillary sinus ostium was not related to any conditions in the septum or complexity of the facial deformity. Inferior nasal concha bone hypertrophy could be related to nasal septal deviation. The nasal condition in a class III facial deformity could not differ from the general population; careful in orthognathic surgery as to be assume in the Le Fort I Osteotomy and nasal approach related to nasal septum deviation and inferior nasal concha bone.