The main approaches to the interpretation of the essence of monetary policy arepresented in the article, as well as the author’s definition are substantiated. The author highlights the main characteristics of monetary policy, in particular its target orientation, specific time horizon, the presence of a clear mechanism of monetary policy, as well as the coordinated and balanced using of a set of monetary instruments to achieve each goal. In addition, the components of the stability of the currency are substantiated, which includes price stability, stability of interest rates, as well as the stability of the national currency exchange rate. The influence of each of the components of the currency stability on the dynamics of agro-industrial complex development is substantiated. First of all, price stability ensures stable income from the sale of agro-industrial products in the domestic market. In this case, the dynamics of real earnings of agricultural enterprises will depend on changes in relative prices. Stability of interest rates is important in terms of incentives for agricultural enterprises to obtain additional credit resources. The impact of the stability of the national currency exchange rate on development of agro-industrial complex can be traced in two directions. First of all, agricultural enterprises are interested in stable exchnage rate of hryvnia due to the import of mineral fertilizers, seeds, feed additives, foreign equipment for the production and processing of agricultural products, agricultural machinery, etc. Devaluation of the hryvnia during the period of import purchases of necessary raw materials provokes a future increase in the cost of agricultural products. At the same time, agricultural enterprises are interested in a certain devaluation of the hryvnia, which will stimulate the export of agricultural products and ensure the stability of incomes in the national currency.