Preparing cows for milking is one of the most important operations. Not only the speed of milk production but also the quality of milk depends on the level of the work performed. One of the most effective ways to mechanize the preparation of cows for milking implies the development of a special mechanical brush that cleans and stimulates the teat skin. As a result, there is no need to use additional foam detergents and napkins to cleanse and disinfect teats. A device has been designed for cleansing teats with two rotating brushes. Theoretical studies of the interaction of cleansing elements of the device for mechanical removal of pollutants from the udder teats in the course of milking operation were carried out. Assuming constancy of the modulus of elasticity, shape and roughness of teats, linear and angular velocities of brushes, nap stiffness, and homogeneity of physical and mechanical properties of contaminants on the teat, dependence of force Fe of the mechanical device on length l of the cleansing element and its speed ω was established. Under the condition that force Fe of the mechanical device is smaller than force Fp which causes pain but greater than the force retaining pollutants (adhesion), values of the main design and technological parameters of the developed device were determined: l=8 mm, ω=106 rpm. As a result of production tests, it was found that when using the developed device, the daily milk yield of the experimental group of cows exceeded that of the control group by an average of 1.1 times which has made it possible to obtain a supplement of 132.5 kg of milk. Along with this, there was a 0.19 % increase in milk fat content in the experimental group compared to the control group. The number of microorganisms decreased 2.2 times and the number of contaminant particles decreased 4.6 times
One of the tasks that imply increasing the milk productivity of cows is to create optimal maintenance conditions that ensure the increased use of the genetic potential of cattle based on the implementation of engineering and technological solutions. A mathematical model has been built that links the technical and technological parameters of the vacuum system of milking equipment, namely, the value of the working vacuum P, the pulsation frequency n, the ratio of pulsation cycles, and the tension strength of milking rubber FH to cows’ milk yield rate V. The range of milking plant operating parameters for milking in the milk line has been determined, at which the milk yield rate is maximum: P=52 kPa, n=57.6–58.8 min–1, δ=0.59–0.64, FH=59.3–60.4 H. Under these parameters, the milk yield rate is V=1.48–1.53 l/min. The results of the multifactor experiment have helped construct an adequate mathematical model of the second order, which confirms the theoretical dependence of the influence of the technical and technological parameters of the vacuum system of milking equipment on milk yield rate and the air flow of the milking machine. Analysis of the mathematical model has made it possible to establish the rational structural and technological parameters for the vacuum system of a milking machine: the value of the working vacuum, P=50.6 kPa; pulsation frequency, n=55.9 min–1, the ratio of pulsation cycles and the tension force of milking rubber FH=64.8 H. Under these parameters, the milk yield rate is maximum: V=1.47–1.52 l/min; the air flow consumption of the milking machine is Q=2.19 m3/h. The mathematical model built fully reveals the influence of technical and technological parameters of milking equipment on the efficiency of machine milking. Owing to this, the issue related to the rational choice of equipment is resolved.
The scientific task to improve energy efficiency and ensure the process of vacuum regime stabilization in the operation of milking machines has been solved. A mathematical model of the process of functioning of the servo control system of a rotary plate vacuum pump was built; the numerical modeling of its workflow was carried out. This paper reports the results of experimental studies on the influence of the regime parameters of the rotary plate vacuum pump on the efficiency of its operation, as well as the results of experimental research on the servo control system for the rotary plate vacuum pump. The operational process of the rotary plate vacuum pump HB-1200 for a milking machine was investigated. The influence of mode parameters (rotor speed n and vacuum pressure P) on the performance of the vacuum pump, Qa, vacuum pressure fluctuation, ΔP, and the power consumption of the vacuum pump drive, Np, has been determined. The servo control system of the rotary plate vacuum pump was experimentally investigated based on the developed algorithms of its operation. In a generally accepted algorithm, vacuum fluctuation increases with increasing an airflow rate: at ΔQa=45 l/min – ΔP=2.3 kPa; at ΔQa=90 l/min – ΔP=4.6 kPa; at ΔQa=135 l/min – ΔP=6.4 kPa. Unlike the generally accepted one, the developed algorithm enables a stable vacuum mode with the largest vacuum fluctuation being ΔP=2.4 kPa. For the first time, the functional dependence of the influence of the regime parameters of the rotary plate vacuum pump with its automatic servo control system on the stability of the vacuum regime of a milk-vacuum system in the milking machine was established. The results can be applied when improving milking machines in terms of ensuring the stabilization process of the vacuum regime.
The article presents the results of allergic and bacteriological studies of cattle from a tuberculosis-free farm. The presence of cattle reacting to an allergen from atypical mycobacteria was established in three allergic simultaneous tests during 2019–2020. Based on the results obtained, the causative agent of tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria were not isolated during the bacteriological examination of a biological material from animals slaughtered for diagnostic purposes (n = 17), as well as soil (n = 5) and straw (n = 3) samples. However, microorganisms of the genera Nocardia (n = 2), Rhodococcus (n = 10), and Actinomyces (n = 5) were isolated from the biomaterial according to the results of microscopy, culture and biochemical tests. These microorganisms were also isolated from the soil and straw samples. Short-term non-specific reactions in cattle to mycobacterial allergens were due to the persistence and circulation of the aforementioned microorganisms closely related to mycobacteria. It was determined that the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus are sensitive to the 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% solutions of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the epizootic situation as to the presence of nocardioform microorganisms in the herd during routine allergic studies, as well as in case of differentiation between specific reactions and paraallergic and pseudoallergic ones. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive systematic studies of livestock and feed quality assessment. For the purpose of disinfection, glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde at a concentration of 1.0% are effective in destroying microorganisms of the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus with 3-hour exposure or more.
Плюта Лариса Василівна доцент, кандидат ветеринарних наук кафедри анатомії, нормальної та патологічної фізіології Сумський національний аграрний університет УКРАЇНА Анотація. В статті було розглянуто значення вивчення здобувачами освіти факультету ветеринарної медицини основ латинської мови та термінології, для набуття практичних умінь та навичок використання ними фахової латинської термінології у навчальній, науковій та виробничій діяльності. Латинська мова має і велике загальноосвітнє значення, так як допомагає краще і глибше аналізувати українську мову, в яку перейшло багато латинського коріння, створивши ряд нових слів. Сучасна медична термінологія це потужна система систем, вся сукупність медичних і парамедичних термінів, якої досягає декількох сотень тисяч, оновлюється та поповнюється в залежності від потреб сьогодення.Вступ. Знання та вміле користування медичною термінологією це невід'ємна частина спеціальності лікаря ветеринарної медицини. Латинська мова, безсумнівно, є однією з дисциплін, що мають велике значення при підготовці майбутніх фахівців в області ветеринарії в Україні [1,2,3]. Латинська мова з'явилася ще до нашої ери в Стародавньому Римі, це народ, для якого ця мова була рідною, який жив ще в другому столітті до нашої ери. Правопису та письму вони навчилися значно пізніше [2,11]. Спеціальні поняття латинською мовою зустрічаються з найперших кроків у ветеринарній науці. Це, перш за все, назви органів і частин тіла, хімічних сполук і лікарських препаратів, хвороб і методів їх лікування тощо [3,4]. Для повноцінного володіння будь-якою, в основному медичною професією, фахівці повинні обов'язково знати термінологію своєї спеціальності. Так склалося історично, що основна термінологія більшості наук, та в медицині в тому числі, ґрунтується на словах латинської та грецької мов [4,5]. Сучасний лікар, навіть коли він говорить на професійну тему і говорить українською мовою, то вживає більше 60% слів латинського та грецького походження [6]. Зрозуміло, що термінології різноманітних профільних наук, що з'являються в сучасному світовому просторі, поповнювалися і продовжують поповнюватися за рахунок активного залучення саме цих двох класичних мов античного світу [8,9]. Тому однією з дисциплін, що мають велике значення при підготовці здобувачів освіти в області ветеринарії, медицини, фармації є латинська мова [7,11]. З нею доводиться зустрічатися в повсякденній роботі при визначенні хвороби, анатомічних і клінічних термінів, назв складових лікарської сировини, ботанічних термінів, прийнятих в
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