This paper has presented methodology for assessing the economic need for personnel with higher scientific qualifications and the mechanisms for regulating the process of its reproduction. Approaches to forecasting the dynamics of personnel of higher scientific qualifications that take into account the provision of additional annual need for Candidates and Doctors of Sciences in scientific, educational, and knowledgeintensive sectors of the economy, as well as the experience of countries with effective market economies, have been considered. Based on the developed methodology, quantitative indicators of the annual additional need for Candidates and Doctors of Sciences for different sectors of the economy have been calculated.

Исследовательская статья. Целью написания статьи является анализ подготовки и аттестации кадров высшей научной квалификации из числа граждан иностранных государств в российских университетах за последние 5 лет. Поставленная цель достигнута путем использования обширного статистического материала по системе высшего образования, включая уровень аспирантской подготовки; по сети диссертационных советов. Предметная область охвата включает все уровни высшего образования; систему аттестации кадров высшей научной квалификации; территориальное распределение по странам студентов, аспирантов и соискателей ученой степени; российские университеты, обеспечивающие подготовку и аттестацию иностранных граждан. Результатом проведенного исследования является выявление Топ-10 стран, граждане которых в большей степени используют российскую систему присвоения ученой степени кандидата и доктора наук. В ходе исследования выявлено, что 41 % иностранных граждан закончил аспирантуру с защитой кандидатской диссертации, что в два раза выше общероссийского показателя (21 %). Как следствие, этот факт может служить обоснованием для увеличения в среднесрочной перспективе объемов подготовки аспирантов, а также кандидатов наук в российских университетах. Проведенное исследование послужит базисом для выработки управленческих решений на федеральном уровне по обоснованию целевых индикаторов программы «Развитие экспортного потенциала российской системы образования». Оригинальность и ценность статьи заключается во введении в научный оборот новых фактических сведений о деятельности системы подготовки и аттестации кадров высшей научной квалификации для граждан иностранных государств.

No abstract

One example of the digitalization of education is the creation of a linguistic learner corpus of student papers in a foreign language at an educational institution in order to use this corpus for research, teaching and learner analytics. This paper describes the experience of creating such linguistic learner corpus at Petrozavodsk State University. Petrozavodsk Annotated Corpus of Texts (PACT) was founded in 2020, but even 2 years of its development have already shown a wide field for implementing this experience in the work of a university. The article provides a general description of the learner corpus PACT and gives examples of its use – being implemented and planned to be implemented. The key research question is what opportunities for training and professional development of future foreign language teachers offers and what potential for educational data mining and management of the educational process the learner corpus in a foreign language has. Answering this basic question, the authors refer to the experience of another corpus of student texts — REALEC, the English annotated learner corpus, which is the prototype of the original PACT corpus. The authors conclude that the corpus of student texts in a foreign language, as an example of big data collected in a university, has great potential in several directions: for research purposes for specialists in linguistics, linguodidactics, psycholinguistics, information technology and artificial intelligence; for educational purposes directly applied in the foreign language classes, for students research work and as a resource for individual tasks automatic generator; for educational data mining.

Objective: to study the clinical and economic efficiency of mass fluorographic examinations of the population for tuberculosis (TB).Subjects and methods. The study used the data of fluorographic examinations for TB among 2,632,169 people and in its risk groups (n = 44,597) in the Republic of Karelia in 2008–2018.Results. It was found that the increased efficiency of detection of TB could not reduce its one-year mortality in firstly identified patients. The average cost of detecting one TB case during mass examinations was more than 500,000 rubles for this period.Conclusion. Mass fluorographic examinations of the population cannot reduce TB mortality rates and are extremely expensive. To lower the mortality rate and to improve the detection of TB, there is a need for screening high-risk groups for this disease at least once every 6 months.