Citar: MORILLO, A.; MORILLO, Y.; TOVAR, Y. 2016. Caracterización molecular de cubios (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz y Pavón) en el departamento de Boyacá. Rev. Cienc. Agr. 33(2):32-42. doi: http://dx. ABSTRACTThe cubio (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz and Pavón) is a basic tuber in the diet of Andean communities. It is a rustic crop, with medicinal uses. Farmers in the highlands of Boyacá department conserve tuber species such as cubios, rubas and ibias, as part of their cultural heritage; however, in recent years this germplasm has been threatened by genetic erosion due anthropogenic and environmental factors. There are not studies of molecular characterization of this germplasm in Boyacá, thus this research aims to identify the genetic diversity of eleven genotypes of cubios from Ventaquemada and San Pedro de Iguaque, using seven Random Amplified Microsatellite markers (RAMs). The similarity analysis differentiated the materials into two main groups, according to characteristics related to the tuber's color and shape. The estimated heterozygosity values ranged between 0.25 and 0.42 for CGA and AG primers, respectively, which is low when compared to the results obtained in other tuberous species. The heterozygosity average in the population was 0.35, and together with the analysis of molecular variance and Fst show the existence of genetic variability in the cultivars evaluated, which should be considered in conservation programs and plant breeding of Andean tubers.
RESUMENEl lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) se ha considerado frutal promisorio y especie potencial para mercados globales, constituyéndose en un renglón importante para la economía del departamento de Boyacá (Colombia). La presente investigación buscó realizar una caracterización fisicoquímica de los frutos de dos variedades de lulo (Chonto grueso y Criollo) durante su crecimiento y desarrollo, procedentes del municipio de Pachavita, Boyacá. Para ello se tomaron frutos cada 10 días, a partir de los 30 días después de antesis (dda). Se evaluó la masa fresca, acidez total titulable (ATT), sólidos solubles totales (SST), firmeza y tasa respiratoria (TR). Se encontró que los frutos de las dos variedades presentaron un crecimiento tipo sigmoide simple que se ajustó a un modelo de crecimiento logístico, apreciándose tres fases de crecimiento que se describieron como: Fase I de división celular; Fase II de elongación celular; y Fase III de maduración. Las propiedades químicas se ajustaron a modelos polinómicos, donde la ATT y los SST aumentaron progresivamente, mientras que la TR se redujo siguiendo las características propias de los frutos de lulo, logrando la calidad organoléptica requerida para el consumo.Palabras clave adicionales: fenología, solanaceae, días después de antesis, tasa respiratoria.
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