Caracterización molecular de cubios (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz y Pavón) en el departamento de Boyacá

Abstract

Citar: MORILLO, A.; MORILLO, Y.; TOVAR, Y. 2016. Caracterización molecular de cubios (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz y Pavón) en el departamento de Boyacá. Rev. Cienc. Agr. 33(2):32-42. doi: http://dx. ABSTRACTThe cubio (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz and Pavón) is a basic tuber in the diet of Andean communities. It is a rustic crop, with medicinal uses. Farmers in the highlands of Boyacá department conserve tuber species such as cubios, rubas and ibias, as part of their cultural heritage; however, in recent years this germplasm has been threatened by genetic erosion due anthropogenic and environmental factors. There are not studies of molecular characterization of this germplasm in Boyacá, thus this research aims to identify the genetic diversity of eleven genotypes of cubios from Ventaquemada and San Pedro de Iguaque, using seven Random Amplified Microsatellite markers (RAMs). The similarity analysis differentiated the materials into two main groups, according to characteristics related to the tuber's color and shape. The estimated heterozygosity values ranged between 0.25 and 0.42 for CGA and AG primers, respectively, which is low when compared to the results obtained in other tuberous species. The heterozygosity average in the population was 0.35, and together with the analysis of molecular variance and Fst show the existence of genetic variability in the cultivars evaluated, which should be considered in conservation programs and plant breeding of Andean tubers.

Capacidad antioxidante y antimicrobiana de tubérculos andinos (Tropaeolum tuberosum y Ullucus tuberosus)

“…En el resto de microorganismos solamente los antibióticos presentaron un efecto inhibitorio. El efecto antimicrobiano del tubérculo del cubio se ha demostrado, debido a que tiene efecto antibiótico contra bacterias, tales como la Escherichia coli y el Staphylococcus, así como los hongos, como la Candida albicans, que se puede dar, posiblemente, por el efecto de los glucosinolatos volátiles, como los isotiocianatos, presentes en el cubio, que han mostrado un amplio rango de efectos antibacteriales y antifungicos (Morillo et al 2016). En el caso de los extractos de ulluco, en el microorganismo donde se presentó capacidad antimicrobiana, fue en E. coli, por parte de los extractos etanólicos de tubérculo y hojas, presentando un halo de inhibición, con un diámetro de 4.53mm y 4.85mm, respectivamente y se observó un efecto bactericida, mientras que en los antibióticos usados como control en la E. coli, no se presentó inhibición del crecimiento.…”

“…Sus hojas han sido utilizadas para alimentación humana y animal (Espín et al 2004). Estos dos tubérculos han sido asociados con oca y papas nativas para repeler insectos, nemátodos y otros patógenos, debido a la presencia de diversos fitoquímicos (Morillo et al 2016).…”

Pharmacognostic, Chemical and Anti-inflammatory Activity Study of Two Varieties of <i>Tropaeolum tuberosum</i> (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze (Tropaeolaceae)

“…Jiménez et al, conducted a study in three varieties of Mashua and in three methods of determining antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH and ABTS) [7]. In the study, they were able to verify that as the concentration of the extracts increased, the reducing power increased (FRAP test) and the anti-radical activity (DPPH and ABTS tests) of the extracts, manifesting a high antioxidant activity, although lower than the reference substances used (vitamin C and Trolox).…”

Characterization of Nutritional and Bioactive Compound in Three Genotypes of Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz and Pavón) from Different Agroecological Areas in Puno

“…Mashua ( Tropaeolum tuberosum R. & P.) is a perennial herbaceous plant, belonging to the Tropaeolaceae family [ 1 ]. This crop is known as cubio in Colombia [ 2 ], mashua in Perú [ 3 , 4 ] and Ecuador [ 5 ], and isaño or añu in Bolivia [ 6 ]. The tuber originated in Peru and Bolivia and has grown for thousands of years, but its cultivation has extended to other countries out of the plateau as well as Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia, Argentina, and in many regions of New Zealand, Canada, the United States, and England [ 7 ].…”