Traditional technologies and equipment for extraction do not meet the needs of industrial production in the constant increase in the volume of finished products due to the low efficiency of extraction of target components, their high energy consumption and duration. This makes it relevant to search for modern, more effective technologies and equipment, the use of which will significantly increase overall production productivity, reduce overall specific energy consumption, improve the quality of the finished products and safety of processes for the environment. The paper analyzes and generalizes methods for intensifying extraction processes from plant materials. The most effective ways to intensify hydrodynamic processes include methods based on cavitation phenomena.  Transformation and redistribution of energy, which occur during the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles due to the creation of a high difference in pressure, temperature, and potential, contribute to a significant increase in the efficiency of dynamic effects on complex heterogeneous systems during extraction. Cavitation technologies ensure ecological purity and safety of the process, make it possible to accelerate mass transfer processes, activate the extractant, obtain a high yield of biologically active substances (BAS) and maintain their properties. Acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation are most commonly used. Modern research is conducted in search of new solutions to optimize technologies, as well as improvement of cavitation equipment. Examples of hydrodynamic cavitation devices of static and dynamic types are cylindrical and disk rotor-pulsation devices, valve-type high-pressure homogenizers, pulsating dispersers, centrifugal pumps and Venturi tubes. They are used to intensify the processes at the stages of preparation of plant raw materials, activation of the extractant, as well as the extraction itself. Static-type cavitation devices based on the Venturi tube have a number of advantages in terms of design, technological and economic solution.

Recently, the demand for concentrates and dry powders from natural fruit and berry raw materials has been growing in the food industry. Spray drying is a method that is widely used to increase the shelf life of food products. However, obtaining dry concentrates from clarified, unclarified juices, as well as juices with pulp, by the spraying method has certain difficulties. This is due to the fact that apple juices and purees contain a complex of organic acids (malic, citric, etc.) in combination with a large number of simple carbohydrates. These substances are the main factors of the viscoplastic state of the dried particles in the heated air in the drying chamber. Thermoplastic (adhesive) properties of the material to be dried in the chamber of the spray dryer and hygroscopic in the state of dried powders complicate the conditions for their timely removal from the chamber, separation, unloading, and storage. As a result, the presence of such properties worsens the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of dry powders, reduces product yield, and also complicates the operating conditions of drying equipment. The use of structuring additives of various types, which include protein products of various origins, contributes to the improvement of drying conditions. The aim of the work was to study the kinetic characteristics of dehydration of drops of apple juice and compositions with milk proteins in order to determine the feasibility of their use as structuring additives for the preparation of powdered health products based on apple juice by spraying. The research results showed the expediency of using a complex of skim milk proteins and whey protein concentrate as structuring additives. It has been proven that their use improves the structuring and vapor-conducting properties of the material during drying, due to which it is possible to obtain powder products with minimal final moisture while preserving valuable bioactive components.

This study presents the results of experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the process of vesicular structure formation from phospholipids under the influence of mechanisms of the discrete impulse input of energy (DIIE). The possibility of using this method for increasing the productivity of the process of obtaining vesicles from phospholipids is shown. Moreover, the use of the properties of lipid nanostructures obtained by the DIIE method for the composition of products of special therapeutic nutrition is proposed. The DIIE effect was realized in a flowing rotary-pulsation apparatus of a cylindrical type. The effectiveness of using this type of equipment and the high level of mechanical and physicochemical effects on the dispersed system with phospholipids are established. The results of the studies of the effect of certain regime parameters (such as initial temperature, material concentration, and angular velocity of the rotor) on the analysis of the aqueous suspension of phospholipids on the size distribution of the formed particles are presented. The heat-technological parameters of the process were selected for obtaining particles having an average diameter of up to 500 nm. The possibility of predicting the properties of the formed phospholipids structures obtained by the proposed treatment in a wide range of regime parameters is shown. For the simulation, a hybrid functional Petri net was used, which made it possible to combine the initial thermal technological conditions of the process (such as temperature and material concentration) and the characteristics of the process equipment (such as type of DIIE activator and rotor speed) in the mathematical model.