Archaeological research in the town hall courtyard conducted in 1996-1997 disclosed parts of three or four urban plots with the economic hinterland of burgher houses that preceded a renaissance town hall built in the mid-16th century. The research yielded a large number of artefacts that were studied as examples of medieval and modern-age material culture. The paper focuses on artefacts divided, in terms of material, into medieval and modern-age utility ceramics (kitchenware, tableware and storage vessels), modern-age ceramic tobacco pipes, stove tiles ceramics, objects of glass, iron and non-ferrous metals, and coins. The series of artefacts provides the first comprehensive insight into the socioeconomic life of urban households in České Budějovice in the Middle Ages and the modern age.
Cílem příspěvku je rozbor jedinečně zachované dřevěné konstrukce, která byla objevena při záchranném archeologickém výzkumu parcely v Radniční ulici čp. 138/11 v roce 1993. Dřevěná konstrukce byla interpretována jako základ roubené stavby nadzemního domu, který se nacházel v uliční čáře při domovém průčelí. Rozbor keramiky z výplně objektu datuje tuto stavbu do první poloviny 14. století. V příspěvku jsou hodnoceny další pozůstatky dřevěných konstrukcí nalezené při archeologických výzkumech a stavebně historických průzkumech v historickém jádru města. Je rekonstruován také prostorový vývoj zástavby na dotčené parcele a řešena otázka vztahu dřevěné stavby k dalším archeologicky prozkoumaným objektům.
Abstrakt: Kněží hora u Katovic (okr. Strakonice) patří mezi největší jihočeská raně středověká hradiště z 9. až počátku 10. století. Dosavadní poznání tohoto hradiště vycházelo především z výzkumu B. Dubského z roku 1946. V posledních letech je hradiště systematicky zkoumáno pracovníky Katedry archeologie Západočeské univerzity v Plzni prostřednictvím nedestruktivních a málo destruktivních metod. V letech 2016-2017 proběhly na akropoli hradiště vzorkovací sondáže vyvolané porušením lokality lesním hospodářstvím a nelegálními aktivitami hledačů kovů. Z výzkumu byly získány početněji výraznější soubory raně středověké keramiky, jejíž podrobný rozbor významně přispívá k datování lokality do středohradištního období s těžištěm v 9. století, které podporuje i radiokarbonové datování uhlíků pocházejících z horní destrukce dřevohlinité hradby.Klíčová slova: hradiště -raný středověk -střední doba hradištní -keramika -jižní Čechy. Early medieval pottery from the Kněží hora hillfort, near Katovice (Strakonice district)Abstract: Kněží hora near Katovice (Strakonice district) is one of the largest south-Bohemian early medieval hillforts, dating from the 9th -early 10th century. The existing information about the hillfort was chiefly based on research carried out by B. Dubský in 1946. In recent years the hillfort has been systematically investigated by experts from the Department of Archaeology of the University of West Bohemia, Plzeň by means of non-destructive and the least destructive methods. Test digs were conducted on the hillfort acropolis in 2016-2017, triggered by intrusion in the form of forestry work and illicit metal detecting. The excavations yielded large series of early medieval pottery, the detailed analysis of which significantly contributed to the dating of the site to the Middle Hillfort period with its heyday in the 9th century, also supported by the radiocarbon dating of cinders from the destructed upper section of the timber and earth rampart.
In Czech and Central European archaeological literature, miniature vessels made of whitish, finegrained clay and sometimes decorated with red paint and lead glaze have long been of interest. They are considered imports, the provenance of which is assumed to be west of our borders. They are found abundantly in medieval towns, rural households, aristocratic residences, and monasteries during the 13th and 14th centuries, mostly as solitary finds. Discussions are also taking place concerning their functions. They are thought to have served as vessels for spices, ointments, fragrant essences, or mostly as children's toys, as they often appear in ceramic assemblages together with small ceramic figures. The specific group of this ceramic ware is referred to as weiße feine Irdenware in German literature, and is characterized by the high content of kaolin or kaolinitic clays in the ceramic mass, traces of wheel throwing and high firing temperatures in the oxidizing atmosphere. The aim of the paper is to analyse the vessels' technology and morphology and solve the issues of their provenance, dating, and function. The aim is also to explain the possible ways in which these vessels made their way into a range of urban, aristocratic, and rural households. Special attention in two case studies is focused on white ceramics from Pilsen and České Budějovice, which has not yet been evaluated in the literature; this includes a petrographic analysis, which indicates a different origin of these products.
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