The rapid advancement and extensive growth in communication technology is creating a critical need to develop novel methods and techniques to protect copyright, ownership, authentication and content integrity of digital media. An efficient solution to this kind of problem is digital watermarking of multimedia. A watermark refers to a visible or invisible digital data to be embedded in a cover data so as to provide copyright protection at time when need arises. Numerous watermarking methods have been presented in the literature and several watermarking software packages have been developed in past decades. Still robustness and security of watermark against a variety of attacks is one of the most important issues to be solved. In this paper, techniques are presented for watermarking of 8-bit images. The watermark is subjected to Arnold Transform to introduce randomness, thus enhancing security and improving PSNR. Embedding is done in low frequency LL band of original image. Inverse Discrete wavelet Transform is then computed to obtain the watermarked image. The results are evaluated by applying number of attacks on the watermarked image. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking technique is robust and efficient.

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Data security is one of the fundamental concerns when it comes to modern networking and information sharing as any breach or data loss can end up causing major losses in terms of credibility, personal data and/or law suites. This paper studies data encryption and decryption techniques using algorithms like DES algorithm, 3 DES algorithm, AES algorithm and RSA algorithm. Cryptography was introduced for data security while transmitting data. However, only cryptography cannot give a robust security approach; as a result, a disorganized message can still be snooped [9]. This leads to a desire for information security. There are several techniques available, among those have taken a few of them and will review them considering cryptography measures. We will analyse the algorithm mentioned above, and try to find out better among them.

Digital imaging is a technology that is extensively employed in diverse diagnostic examinations such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound imaging, among other modalities. Transferring a patient’s diagnostic images and medical data to a specialist physician in a distinct geographical location is conducted to facilitate an accurate diagnosis. The safeguarding of patient data privacy and confidentiality is ensured through the utilisation of smart hospital applications for medical data security. The current research presents the effective utilisation of lifting wavelet transform (LWT) and Hessenberg-based particle swarm optimization in order to generate resilient and safeguarded watermarks on ultrasound images. The empirical evidence suggests that our innovative approach outperforms our prior methodology, established through extensive testing. The watermark’s imperceptibility and accuracy are exemplified by its capacity to sustain a superior structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), even amidst diverse image processing assaults.

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